• It is imperative that those in attendance today feel free to
have an open, honest, and non-judgmental discussion
about the material presented and to consider their ability
to make a significant difference.
• Raise awareness of helping behaviors
• Increase motivation to help
• Develop skills and confidence when responding to
problems or concerns
• Ensure the safety and well-being of yourself and others
Goals of Step Up!
• What is a bystander?
• Turn to the person next to you and discuss a time you
could have helped someone but didn’t ( and why), a time
you did help (and why) or a time someone helped you.
Talk about what happened and how you felt.
ICE BREAKER
• Pilot study with over 300 students was conducted and
found that:
• Up to 88% believed problems could be avoided with
intervention
• Up to 99% believe something should be done to intervene
in a problem
• Up to 85% wanted to learn intervention skills
The Back Story
• Do you think you would help someone in trouble?
STAND UP if you think you would.
A Question????
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpag
e&v=KIvGIwLcIuw (Bystander Effect-people watch girl
being abducted)
Dateline
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Hazing
Discrimination
Anger Issues
Sexual Assault
Academic Misconduct
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Alcohol
Depression
Disordered Eating
Gambling
Relationship Violence
What are the 3 BIGGEST
issues you see?
•
•
•
•
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Notice the Event
Interpret it as a problem
Assume Personal Responsibility
Know How to Help
Step-Up!
The five decision making
steps
• Be Aware of your surroundings
• Pay attention to others
Step 1: Notice the Event
• 1. Notice the Event
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4&featur
e=player_detailpage
AWARNESS TEST
• Individual-A person’s knowledge, skill set, confidence,
sense of social responsibility etc.
• Situational-Severity of need; are there other people
around? What are the costs of helping?
• Victim-Do you know the person? Do you think they
deserve help? Will they accept help?
What Variables Affect
Helping?
• Ambiguity
•
Is it a problem? Is it not? Error on the side of caution and INVESTIGATE!
• Conformity
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•
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Informational Influence-when you think someone knows more than you do, or has
more information than you, you will follow their lead.
Pluralistic Ignorance-the majority know there is something wrong but no one else
looks concerned so you think you must be the only one and you don’t do anything.
Normative Influence-you go along with the group to fit in, to be liked of to be accepted
by the group.
• Groupthink-when members try to minimize conflict and reach consensus
without critically testing, analyzing and evaluating ideas. Groupthink may cause
groups to make hasty irrational decision where individual doubts are set aside due
to a desire to avoid being seen as foolish or to avoid embarrassing or angering
other members of the group.
• Spiral of Silence-if one thinks that they are in the minority they are less likely to
voice an opinion. So people who don’t directly engage in problematic situation
still contribute to the problem with their silence.
Factors that affect
helping
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpag
e&v=ME4lOsQzcIE
“Follow the Leader”
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Ask yourself…
Does it go against your morals?
Does this problem go against the norm in a negative way?
Is this problem hurting you or the other people?
Step 2: INTERPRET IT AS A
PROBLEM
• “It’s not hard to make decisions once you know what
your values are.”- Roy E. Disney
Decisions
• Bystander Effect: People are more likely to intervene when they are alone than
when they are part of a group.
• Research shows that if you are alone you will help 80% of the time but if you
are in a group you will help only 20% of the time because of the diffusion of
responsibility-you think someone else will do something. (Think back to the
first video.)
• This occurs because of responsibility diffusion.
• Responsibility assumed and number of people present is an inverse
relationship
• There are many documented occurrences where bystander effect has resulted in
loss of life.
• Do not rationalize away responsibility.
• Verbalize your intentions-you are more likely to help that way.
• Engage others- I’ll do A and you do B.
Step 3: Assume
Responsibility
• If something is ambiguous look into it! See what others
think.
• Error on the side of caution and investigate.
• Be mindful of group pressure and be prepared to react to
it. Break through Pluralistic Ignorance and the Spiral of
Silence and take a stand.
• If you are a victim, let others know you need help- be
specific if possible (i.e., “You there in the red shirt, please
help.”)
Strategies
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ME1YgDxlnt0
Bystanders Rescue
Motorcyclist
• Many times people WANT to help but they either don’t know
what to do (knowledge) in a particular situation or how to do
it (skills).
• Help can come in two forms:
• Direct:
• Indirect:
• NEVER put yourself in harm’s way but again, DO
SOMETHING.
• Be prepared-Think about what you would do in certain
situations so when and if that situation arises, you will have a
game plan. It’s harder to think clearly when suddenly put in a
difficult situation.
Step 4: Know How to Help
• The challenges at this step are that there are always costs
involved and the assumption is that when people decide
on what actions to take they try to minimize cost and
maximize reward.
• Costs of intervening vs.. Costs of not intervening.
• Strategies:
• Carefully consider the situation before taking action.
• BE THE FIRST!
• Create shared and agreed upon standards of behavior and
expectations within any group or organization.
Step 5: Implement Step
UP!
Perspective Taking
• When noticing a problem: What would you want someone
to do for you or a loved one in the same situation?
• Imagine how the other person thinks and feels
• Imagine being in the same situation
• Imagine you are the other person
• Traits that are highly related to High Perspective Taking are;
patience, reasonableness, and sensitivity. Traits negatively
related to High Perspective Taking were aggressiveness and
sarcasm.
Perspective Taking
• One more challenge to helping is when people do things
because a perceived authority figure told them to.
• “All evil starts with 15 volts.”-Philip Zimbardo. All
Problems start off as minor incidents and gradually
escalate-people will keep pushing the limits because it is
accepted by the larger group. Action for prevention must
be immediate to prevent escalation.
• The colligate problem of hazing is a form of Obedience to
Authority.
Obedience to Authority:
Milgram Experiment
• Safe Responding
• Never put yourself in harm’s way but talk to someone, make
a phone call (911 if necessary) and/or engage others.
• Early Intervention
• “All evil starts with 15 volts”-Intervene early before the
problem becomes a crisis or disaster.
• Effective Helping
• Know what to do and how to do it. Remember the Law of
Deliver: Who (person\s), What (content), When (timing),
Where (location\privacy),Why (reasons), and How (tone).
The S.E.E. Model
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Stay calm
Gather information
Consider your options-direct\ indirect helping
Provide support but do not become enmeshed
Know your limits-walk-away if the situation is unsafe
Emergency Helping
• Consider the frequency, duration and severity of the
problem
• Define the problem and the barriers
• Determine the goal; develop a game plan
• Set boundaries-don’t enable
• Maintain respect
• Consider options; know referrals
Non-Emergency Helping
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Turtle-Doesn’t want to get involved
Teddy Bear- Just wants to be liked
Shark-Wants to save the day
Fox-Gives thought and perspective to intervention
Owl-Most creative, experienced and successful problem
solver; highest in social and emotional intelligence
Intervention Styles
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I care
I see
I feel
I want
I will
Friends Helping Friends
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It was the right thing to do
I would want someone to help me in the same situation
Someone needed help
We should look out for one another
So the situation wouldn’t escalate
Top 5 Reasons we
intervene
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Notice the event
Interpret it as a problem
Assume personal responsibility
Know how you can be helpful
Step up!
Implement Step UP!
• Girl is passed out on the couch. What do you do?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sOXN_80ohM&feat
ure=youtu.be
So, Who will step up?