FAO-IGG inter-sessional meeting
(Milan, October 15-16, 2015)
WG on CLIMATE CHANGE
Chair:
Co-Chairs:
Members:
India –
Dr. R.M. Bhagat
Sri Lanka - Dr. M.A. Wijeratne
Kenya –
Dr. J. Bore
China
Japan
Tanzania
Malawi
Bangladesh
Rwanda
Indonesia
ACTION PLAN
• Data collection and analysis to be continued.
• Analysis of vulnerability /suitability with IPCC,
AR 5 scenarios to continue.
• Collate and combine adaptation strategies
common to all WG countries along with country
specific strategies.
• Publish a booklet on adaptation strategies
common to all countries in English and release
it in the next FAO-IGG meeting.
• Translation of the booklet into different country
specific languages.
• Implementation of adaptation strategies on
pilot scale in each country & impact analysis.
1.
Impact Analysis: Climate trends
Annual total Rainfall, 1918-2014, Jorhat, Assam, India
Rainfall
Minimum Temperature
Mann - Kendall Model test for climate trends
Parameter
Rainfall
Minimum
Temperature
Relative
Humidity
(Morning)
Relative
Humidity
(Afternoon)
Mean
2000.5
18.762
93.730
64.349
SD
252.1
0.561
1.071
1.741
Mann
Kendall
Statistic
(S)
-820.000
2483.0
-33.0
-10.000
Kandell
tau
-0.176
0.594
-0.021
-0.006
Var(S)
102949.3
87901.0
21060.3
21074.6
P-Value
(Twotailed)
0.011
<0.0001
0.825
0.951
Alpha
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
Sen's
Slope
Test
Interpretation
-2.397
Reject Ho
Sig.trend
0.018
Reject Ho
Sig.trend
-9.062E-4
Reject Ho
Sig.trend
0
Accept Ho
No trend
2.
Projections 2100 – AR 5 Scenarios
3.
Adaptation strategies
Establishment
shade trees
and
management
of
• Shade tree management to control air and
leaf temperature.
• Maintenance of humid condition in
gardens by planning optimum shade to
delay onset of drought.
Shaded
Exposed
Crop Diversification
•
Introducing other crops with economic benefits to the tea
farmers to cushion them from the negative impacts of climate
change.
•
Selection of land with better soil conditions for replanting with
tea.
•
Diversification of land with marginal soil condition or degraded
land for fuel wood (energy plantations) or timber plantations
Developing climate resilient cultivars
• TRIs, have developed and commercialized
various clones which are drought, disease
and pest tolerant.
• Emphasis on R&D for clones tolerant to biotic
and abiotic stresses.
• Planting of tea cultivars that can withstand
adverse (dry) weather conditions, heat and
poor soil conditions.
• Current cultivars need to be tested for future
climate scenarios and simulation studies
need to be carried out for the existing
cultivars as to how they behave in future
climate scenarios.
Soil and water conservation
• Optimum soil and water conservation measures
should be adopted e.g. mulches especially in young
tea land, retaining pruning materials and cut grasses
on the soil surface.
• Drains should be grassed and drainage should be
scientifically planned.
• Planting of green manure crops as SALT (Sloping
Agriculture Land Technology) hedge rows.
• Burying of prunings and forking
• Water bodies may be created in the garden, which of
course should not result in the profile flooding.
• Water conservation during the rainy season to be
used for irrigation during the drought period.
Maintenance of organic matter in
soils
• Adequate organic matter in soils
retains both water and nutrients and
helps prolong the onset of droughts.
• Higher organic matter soils are
healthier and rich in nutrients.
• More
organic
matter
brings
cultivation
nearer
to
natural
conditions – brings more resilience
IRRIGATION
• Choice of appropriate irrigation method
• Overhead – Sprinkler
• Subsurface – Drip
Cost factor – availability of water
2010 Feb
14
Risk reduction and management
• Developing early warning systems
and developing linked decision
support systems.
• This will reduce sensitivity to the
impacts of climate change and
increase the adaptive capacity of tea
farmers.
• Weather forecasting system linked
advisories
Emission reduction
• The tea industry has two issues to greenhouse gas
emissions
e.g. in Kenya:
• Use of fuel wood in tea processing resulting from the
high cost of electricity
• Low energy efficiency estimates show that 1 ha of fuel
wood is required for every 3.3 to 4 ha of tea planted.
• Mandatory energy audits of tea factories on annual basis to
improve on energy efficiency
• Explore alternative sources of energy such as wind, solar
and hydro.
Climate Awards
• Motivating the stakeholders in
taking up the climate change
adaptation
and
mitigation
technologies.
• Giving
suitable
awards
to
companies/individuals
for
bringing
out
more
climate
resilience
Market diversification and value
addition
• Availing the appropriate materials for product
diversification based on demand e.g. in Kenya black
tea demand decreased and green tea demand
increased considering its health benefits.
• Kenya also released a number of varieties including
the purple tea that has high anthocyanin content, high
yields and is tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Printing of booklet on adaptation
strategies (50-60 pages)
--- will need budget
• Number of copies
• Quality of printing
(Cost of printing in English - donor to be
identified)
Translation in to local languages (each WG
country) for smallholders
Implementation of adaptation strategies on
pilot scale
• Awareness programmes/trainings –
Financial support
• Actual implementation on pilot scale in tea
gardens – Financial support
Thank You