Surface Disposal (Solids)
Analiza U. Miso, Xavier University
Adapted from TILLEY et al. (2008)
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Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox
will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide
ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation
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Surface Disposal
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Contents
1. Concept
2. How it can optimize SSWM
3. Design principals
4. Operation and maintenance
5. Applicability
6. Advantages and disadvantages
7. References
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1. Concept
Overview
• Surface Disposal refers to the stockpiling of sludge, faeces,
biosolids, or other materials that cannot be used elsewhere.
• Once the material has been taken to a surface disposal site, it is
not used later.
• This technology is primarily used for biosolids, although it is
applicable for any type of dry, unusable material.
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2. How it can optimize SSWM
The surface disposal of sludge, faeces, bio-solids etc. can help in
optimizing your local water management and sanitation system and
make it more sustainable by:
•Allowing for a controlled disposal where other treatment and reuse
options are not possible or acceptable
•Reducing nuisance and the risk of direct contact with the material if
located far from and protected from the public.
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3. Design Principals
• This technology is done by simply stockpiling of sludge, faeces,
biosolids, or other materials that cannot be used elsewhere.
• More advanced surface disposal systems may incorporate a liner and
leachate collection system in order to prevent nutrients and
contaminants from infiltrating the groundwater.
Functional Design of a
Surface Disposal.
Source: TILLEY et al. (2008)
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4. Operation and Maintenance
• Maintenance staff should ensure that only appropriate
materials are disposed of at the site, and must maintain
control over the traffic and hours of operation.
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5. Applicability
• Since there are no benefits gained from this type of disposal
technology, it should not be considered as a primary option.
• However, where acceptance towards biosolid use does not exist,
the contained and controlled stockpiling of biosolids is far
preferable to uncontrolled dumping.
• Biosolids can be applied in almost every climate and
environment, although they should not be stored where there is
frequent flooding or where the groundwater table is high.
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6. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Can make use of vacant or
abandoned land
•Non-beneficial use of a resource
• Low cost
• May
prevent
disposal
unmitigated
• Simple technique for all users
(TILLEY et al. 2008)
•Odours are normally noticeable
(depending on prior treatment)
•May require
equipment
special
spreading
•Micro-polutants may accumulate in
the
soil
and
contaminate
groundwater
(TILLEY et al. 2008)
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7. References
TILLEY, E., LÜTHI, C., MOREL, A., ZURBRÜGG, C., SCHERTENLEIB, R. (2008): Compendium of Sanitation Systems and
Technologies, Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) & Water Supply and Sanitation
Collaborative Council (WSSCC). Pp 149-150.
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