U.S. History Ch. 5
The 13 English Colonies
1607-1733
English Settlers in Virginia
• England tried to settle in the Americas since
the 1500’s
• Sir Walter Raleigh tried in 1585 but failed.
• He tried again In 1587 on Roanoke Island.
– The leader on Roanoke returned to England for
supplies. When he returned there was no trace of
any of the settlers. The only clue was the word
CROATOAN carved on a post. This was a local
Native American tribe.
– This “lost colony” remains a mystery.
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English Settlers in Virginia
• England couldn’t afford expeditions to the
New World and private investors would not
pay for them, so another way was created.
– Two joint-stock companies were formed. The
Virginia Company of Plymouth, and the
Virginia Company of London. Investors paid a
small price for shares in the company. If it
succeeded they made money, and if it failed
they only lost their small investment.
• The London Company created the colony
called Virginia.
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Sir Walter
Raleigh
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Roanoke
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Virginia Company of London
Seal
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Jamestown
• 1607 the London Company established
Jamestown, the first English colony in the
Americas.
• Most colonists were English gentlemen and
weren’t used to hard labor. Many refused to
work & many died.
• John Smith Takes Charge
– Capt. John Smith took charge. He forced the people to
farm, build houses, dig wells, and other things. If you did
not work you did not eat.
– He bargained with Native Americans for supplies
– 1609 a harsh winter arrived and killed over 400 settlers.
This is called “The Starving Time.”
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Jamestown
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Original Jamestown ruins
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Jamestown
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Capt. John
Smith
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Jamestown
• Colony was growing but not making money
• In 1612 John Rolfe began planting tobacco.
He learned it from the Native Americans.
Tobacco was the money maker in the
Virginia economy.
• Tobacco farming needs labor.
– Indentured servants – people that were brought to the
New World to work on a plantation for 3 to 7 years to
pay for their passage. After this time they were free.
– 1619 20 Africans arrived at Jamestown.
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John Rolfe &
Pocahontas
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The wedding of John Rolf and Pocahontas
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Early drawing
of tobacco
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Tobacco
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Native Americans
• Native Americans & John Smith were on good
terms.
• When Smith leaves & Pocahontas & her father
die, relations fall apart between Natives &
English.
• Native Americans thought the English took to
much land & they didn’t trust them
• 1622 some Native Americans attacked
Jamestown and killed over 350 people.
• Colonists retaliated & eventually gained
control of the area.
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John Smith’s map of New England
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Self Government
• The London Company controlled Jamestown
• A Governor ran the colony, but the people
elected members (called Burgesses) to the
House of Burgesses. First sign of
representative government.
• The Burgesses could make laws, but the
governor could refuse to approve them.
• By 1624 King James I revoked the charter of
the Virginia Company and made Virginia a
royal colony under his control.
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King James I
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Puritans & Separatists
• In 1534 King Henry VIII of England broke with
the Catholic Church & formed the Anglican
Church.
• Puritans were a group of Protestants that
believed one must live strictly by the scriptures
in the Bible.
• The puritans did not agree with either the
Anglican or Catholic church on doctrine.
• Some Puritans left the Anglican Church. They
were called Separatists.
• Separatists were treated poorly by the English
Government.
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King Henry VIII
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Puritan Woman
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Pilgrims
• Separatists that left England called
themselves Pilgrims, which meant travelers
with a religious goal.
• Pilgrims gained a charter to settle in
Virginia.
• They purchased a small ship called the
Mayflower.
• Mayflower got off course during the trip.
Nov. 9, 1620 arrived near present day
Massachusetts
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Puritans Praying before their journey
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Mayflower
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Mayflower Compact
• Since they were outside of their charter
area, they had to establish their own
government.
• The men joined together and agreed that
they would obey laws passed by the
majority (self government)
• They signed the document and called it the
Mayflower Compact.
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Mayflower
Compact
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Plymouth & Native Americans
• Settled an area that they named Plymouth.
• When the first winter came, many died.
• Had good relations with the Native Americans
– Samoset (Native American) greeted them and introduced
them to Massasoit, the chief of the Wampanoags.
– Squanto was a Wampanoag that taught the Pilgrims how to
survive in the area.
• 1621 was an abundant harvest for the Pilgrims, and to
thank the Natives for all of their help, the Pilgrims
shared a feast with them. This was the first
Thanksgiving.
• 1621 Pilgrims were granted a charter for Plymouth.
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Plymouth Rock
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Recreation of the old Plymouth
Plantation, Massachusetts
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Pilgrims
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Squanto
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1st Thanksgiving
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Miles Standish
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Recreation of the old Plymouth, Mass.
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A map of Plymouth Colony in the spring of 1621
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Massachusetts Bay Company
• Puritans became increasingly persecuted in England
• John Winthrop received a charter from the King in
1629 to establish a Puritan colony.
• Left in 1630 with 1,000 settlers and settled the area
north of Plymouth.
• Practiced their own religion
• Boston was the capital
• Had a General Court & Governor to govern the
colony, but only church members could vote.
• Did not practice Religious Tolerance (you had to
follow their religion & beliefs or leave)
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John Winthrop
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Boston Town Square
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Providence
• Roger Williams was a Puritan preacher that was banished
from Massachusetts in 1635 b/c he preached of things
considered unacceptable.
• He bought land from Native Americans and established a
town called Providence.
• He allowed any person of any religion to come to his
town and many did.
• Similar towns developed nearby, and they all joined
together to form the Rhode Island colony in 1644
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Roger Williams
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Connecticut
• Some Puritans pushed west to the Connecticut
River Valley
• In 1636 minister Thomas Hooker led his
congregation to the area and built Hartford.
• Hooker & other leaders wrote a Constitution.
First one in the Americas. It was called
“Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”
• Connecticut became a colony in 1662
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Thomas Hooker going to Connecticut
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Native American Problems
• As more English arrived, the Native Americans
became more annoyed with the loss of land and the
controlling ways of the English.
• Some fought back
• Pequot Wars
– Pequot Indians and settlers fought one another, until the
English killed most of the people to take their land
• King Phillip’s War
– War between the Wampanoag Indians and the English
– English eventually won the war.
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Roger Williams opposing the Pequot Indians
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King Phillip’s War
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Middle Colonies (Dutch steal New
Sweden)
• The Dutch established New Netherland in
1621
• The Swedish colonized south of New
Netherland in 1638 and named it New
Sweden.
• Dutch seized New Sweden in 1655 from the
Swedish.
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Peter Stuyvesant
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New English King & New York
• 1642 England broke into Civil War. Parliament was
Puritan & others supported King Charles I.
• Charles I was beheaded for treason. Puritans ruled
for 11 years until Charles II came to power.
• Charles II concentrated on the colonies
• 1664 he had his brother James, Duke of York, seize
New Netherland from the Dutch.
• The Dutch capital New Amsterdam was renamed
New York.
• James was made proprietor, or owner, or New York
colony.
• He gave a piece to two friends and it later formed into
the New Jersey Colony.
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New Amsterdam
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Dutch surrender New Amsterdam, September 8, 1664
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Pennsylvania
• William Penn was a member of a religious
community called Quakers. They were
persecuted in England.
• The King owed Penn’s family some money, and
he repaid it by giving Penn land for a new colony.
• 1681 Pennsylvania colony was created.
• Was a place of religious freedom for Quakers and
other religions.
• Pennsylvania was landlocked. Three counties
called Delaware were granted to Penn by James,
Duke of York. These counties later formed their
own colony.
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William Penn
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William Penn gets a land grant from Charles II
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Bethlehem,
Penn. in
1757
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Maryland
• English Catholics were looking for religious
freedom.
• They were rejected by Jamestown, but the 2nd Lord
Baltimore was granted charter for the Maryland
colony
• Settled in 1633 by 200 Protestant and Catholic
settlers.
• Prospered b/c of good soil and rivers
• Toleration Act was passed to guarantee all
Christians the right to worship in Maryland.
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1635 map of Maryland
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Carolinas
• Tobacco success in Virginia and Maryland
attracted rich proprietors to colonize the area
south of them.
• 1633 King Charles II granted 8 English nobles a
colony. They named it Carolina in honor of the
King (Latin for Charles)
• Was divided into North and South
• Population grew slowly
• Tobacco, rice, and indigo were grown here.
• Many African slaves worked in the colony
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King Charles II
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Georgia
• Last English colony in Americas
• Established by James Oglethorpe to help people
out of debtor’s prison
• 1732 King George II granted Oglethorpe a
charter. Colony was named Georgia in honor of
the King
• King saw it as a buffer between Spanish help
Florida
• Many debtors refused to come b/c of strict rules
and the risk of death.
• After strict rules were removed, the colony
prospered
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James Oglethorpe
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