14 – Social Psychology
How does society influence you?
Class presentation video:
Social Psychology
What topics do you need help with?
What topics do you need help with?
•
•
•
•
•
A. Fundamental attribution error
B. Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
C. Findings of Zimbardo’s study
D. Cognitive dissonance
E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
•
•
•
•
•
A. The Solomon Asch study
B. The Milgram shock study
C. The scapegoat theory
D. The frustration-aggression theory
E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
• A. Altruistic, companionate and passionate
love
• B. The diffusion of responsibility
• C. The social exchange theory
• D. The reciprocity norm
• E. I understand
Bart complied with his friends’ request to join them
in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween
evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own
failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at
passing police cars. Bart’s experience best illustrates
the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
bystander effect.
foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
fundamental attribution error.
frustration-aggression principle.
Bart complied with his friends’ request to join them
in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween
evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own
failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at
passing police cars. Bart’s experience best illustrates
the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
bystander effect.
foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
fundamental attribution error.
frustration-aggression principle.
Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of
recommendation for a student despite his having
doubts about her competence. Which theory best
explains why he subsequently began to develop more
favorable attitudes about the student’s abilities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cognitive dissonance theory
Social exchange theory
Two-factor theory
Scapegoat theory
Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of
recommendation for a student despite his having
doubts about her competence. Which theory best
explains why he subsequently began to develop more
favorable attitudes about the student’s abilities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cognitive dissonance theory
Social exchange theory
Two-factor theory
Scapegoat theory
Since everyone in her dorm watched American Idol and
The Apprentice, Tyra decided she better do the same.
She didn’t particularly like those shows, but she
wanted everyone to accept her.
This example best illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
informational social influence.
social facilitation.
groupthink.
normative social influence.
Since everyone in her dorm watched American Idol and
The Apprentice, Tyra decided she better do the same.
She didn’t particularly like those shows, but she
wanted everyone to accept her.
This example best illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
informational social influence.
social facilitation.
groupthink.
normative social influence.
In Stanley Milgram’s experiements,
obedience was lowest when:
A. the person giving the orders was perceived
to have legitimate authority.
B. the “victim” was at a distance.
C. other participants were seen disobeying the
experimenter.
D. the participants were women.
In Stanley Milgram’s experiements,
obedience was lowest when:
A. the person giving the orders was perceived
to have legitimate authority.
B. the “victim” was at a distance.
C. other participants were seen disobeying
the experimenter.
D. the participants were women.
Justin and Shane believe their team is better
than the other teams in town. This illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
social loafing.
the in-group bias.
the just-world phenomenon.
scapegoat theory.
Justin and Shane believe their team is better
than the other teams in town. This illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
social loafing.
the in-group bias.
the just-world phenomenon.
scapegoat theory.
When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer
certain products simply because they have a
familiar brand name. This preference best
illustrates the importance of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
social traps.
the mere exposure effect.
mirror-image perceptions.
the reciprocity norm.
When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer
certain products simply because they have a
familiar brand name. This preference best
illustrates the importance of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
social traps.
the mere exposure effect.
mirror-image perceptions.
the reciprocity norm.
After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped
themselves to free samples of the cookies being
promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy
some, even though they seemed unreasonably
expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance
of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
social facilitation.
the reciprocity norm.
the bystander effect.
the just-world phenomenon.
After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped
themselves to free samples of the cookies being
promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy
some, even though they seemed unreasonably
expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance
of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
social facilitation.
the reciprocity norm.
the bystander effect.
the just-world phenomenon.
Early in the day, you see a fellow
student in the cafeteria spill a whole
tray of food as she trips over something
on the floor. You think to yourself,
“Wow, she sure is clumsy!” Later on in
the day, you also trip in the cafeteria
and spill your tray.
Continued on next slide
Continued from previous slide
You think to yourself, “Wow, this floor is
uneven and dangerous, someone should fix it!”
This illustrates the psychological concept called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
foot-in-the-door.
bystander apathy.
fundamental attribution error.
out-group bias.
Continued from previous slide
You think to yourself, “Wow, this floor is
uneven and dangerous, someone should fix it!”
This illustrates the psychological concept called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
foot-in-the-door.
bystander apathy.
fundamental attribution error.
out-group bias.
Which of the following is an example
of social facilitation?
A. A funny movie seems even more amusing
when you watch it with a group of friends.
B. Solving difficult math problems is easier
when you are in a quiet room with only one
other person.
C. People may be more likely to help if there is
a large crowd watching.
D. People are more likely to work much harder
in a group than when they are alone.
Which of the following is an example
of social facilitation?
A. A funny movie seems even more amusing
when you watch it with a group of friends.
B. Solving difficult math problems is easier
when you are in a quiet room with only one
other person.
C. People may be more likely to help if there is
a large crowd watching.
D. People are more likely to work much harder
in a group than when they are alone.
Conformity is when we adjust our
thinking and behavior to go along with
a group standard. Which of the
following is NOT likely to influence
whether or not we conform?
A.
B.
C.
D.
your level of intelligence
the size of the group that you are with
whether or not the group is observing you
whether or not the group has status
Conformity is when we adjust our
thinking and behavior to go along with
a group standard. Which of the
following is NOT likely to influence
whether or not we conform?
A.
B.
C.
D.
your level of intelligence
the size of the group that you are with
whether or not the group is observing you
whether or not the group has status
Often the easiest way for a person to cope with the
unpleasant state associated with cognitive dissonance is to
1. Change his or her attitudes
2. Lie about his or her behaviors
3. Engage in groupthink
4. Continue the discrepant behavior
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Often the easiest way for a person to cope with the
unpleasant state associated with cognitive dissonance is to
1. Change his or her attitudes
2. Lie about his or her behaviors
3. Engage in groupthink
4. Continue the discrepant behavior.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The most likely reason that Kitty Genovese did not receive
help when being stabbed in front of her apartment is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The situation was ambiguous.
No observers noticed the emergency or heard her
cries for help.
No observers took responsibility for helping.
No observers planned a course of action to help.
No observers cared about her safety.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The most likely reason that Kitty Genovese did not receive
help when being stabbed in front of her apartment is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The situation was ambiguous.
No observers noticed the emergency or heard her
cries for help.
No observers took responsibility for helping.
No observers planned a course of action to help.
No observers cared about her safety.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Discuss the factors that contribute to prejudice and
discrimination and identify some techniques for
reducing the development of prejudice and
discrimination
• Top Priority
• Good suggestions for causes (factors) and
potential solutions (techniques) for reducing
the development of prejudice and
discrimination.
• Second Priority
• Response differentiates prejudice from
discrimination and makes it clear that
prejudice leads to discrimination.
Contributing factors
• Socialization (family, media) perpetuating
prejudice
• Conformity
• Ethnocentrism
• In-group & out-group (us vs them)
• Institutional racism
– Encouraged or ignored in government or laws
Techniques for reducing
• Getting to know members of the “out-group”.
– Contact hypothesis = Noticing similarities
• Working together
– Cooperation hypothesis
– Having opposing groups engage in a cooperative task
– Responding to a third outside threat
• Anti-discrimination laws
• Do not simply say there is no solution
•
•
•
•
Indicate:
Prejudice = unjustifiable attitude
Discrimination = unjustifiable behavior
Prejudice leads to discrimination