BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
7 Nov. 2013
Name: ___ KEY ____
Questions 1 – must be entered on your Scantron Form to count. (The Scantron will not be returned to you.) Record your answers on this form, so you can check them. Answer fill-in-the-blank and long answer questions on this form. Questions are one point each unless otherwise indicated:
Matching Questions:
Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
A.
C.
E.
Long
Flat
13) Bone 1.
Sesamoid
B.
D.
Short
Irregular
Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 175; Fig. 6.2
14) Bone 2.
Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 175; Fig. 6.2
15) Bone 3.
Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 175; Fig. 6.2
16) Bone 4.
Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 175; Fig. 6.2
17) Bone 5.
Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 175; Fig. 6.2

BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
7 Nov. 2013
18) Bone 6.
Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175; Fig. 6.2
19) Bone 7.
Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 175; Fig. 6.2
True (A) / False (B) Questions: A = TRUE B = FALSE (Enter answers on Scantron!)
8) Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone.
Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 185
9) Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function.
Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 173-175
10) The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.
Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177-178
11) Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.
Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 178-179
12) In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow.
Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 194
13) The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.
Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 179
14) The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.
Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
15) Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.
Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 180
16) All bones formed by intramembranous ossification are irregular bones.
Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 182
17) An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.
Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 179
18) The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.
Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 180
19) Bone tissue in the skeleton of a human fetus is completely formed at six months' gestation.

BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
7 Nov. 2013
Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 194
20) Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.
Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 180
21) Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.
Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 173
22) Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth.
Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18543)
23) All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable .
Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 200
Matching Questions
Figure 7.1 Using Figure 7.1, match the following:
24) Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis.
Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 220; Fig. 7.16

BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
25) Attach to ribs.
Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 220; Fig. 7.16
26) Receive the most stress.
Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 220; Fig. 7.16
27) Transverse foramina present.
Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 220; Fig. 7.16
28) No canals or foramen present.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 223; Fig. 7.16
29) Includes the atlas and the axis.
Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 219; Fig. 7.16
30) Contains the joint that allows you to rotate your head "no."
Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 219; Fig. 7.16
Matching Questions
7 Nov. 2013
Figure 8.1
Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
31) Periosteum.
Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3
32) Articular cartilage.
Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3
33) Joint (synovial) cavity.
Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
34) Synovial membrane.
Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3
35) Fibrous capsule.
Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3
7 Nov. 2013
Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
36) Compact bone.
Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 176; Fig. 6.3
37) Location of the epiphyseal line.
Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 176; Fig. 6.3
38) Area where yellow marrow is found.
Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 176; Fig. 6.3
39) Area with articular cartilage.
Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 176; Fig. 6.3
Match the following:
A) Chondrocytes
B) Appositional growth
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Diaphysis
E) Epiphyseal plate
(Use each once.)
40) The cells responsible for the very early stages of endochondral ossification.

BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
7 Nov. 2013
Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173, 183
41
) The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.
Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173
42) The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.
Answers: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 183-184
43) The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.
Answers: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 185
44) Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.
Answers: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 184-185
Multiple-Choice Questions
45) The membranous areas between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are called
________.
A) areolas
B) foramina
C) sutures
D) fontanelles
Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 242
46) The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.
A) osteocyte
B) osteoblast
C) osteoclast
D) chondrocyte
Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177
47) Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?
A) growth at the epiphyseal plate
B) the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
C) along the edges only
D) the lengthening of hyaline cartilage
Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 173
48) Spongy bones are made up of a framework called ________.
A) osteons
B) lamellar bone
C) trabeculae
D) osseous lamellae
Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 180
49) Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
7 Nov. 2013
A) thyroid hormone
B) somatomedins
C) growth hormone
D) prolactin
Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 185
50) Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of
________.
A) calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
B) potassium, phosphate, and vitamin D
C) sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D) vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 186
80) Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.
A) is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation
B) involves medullary cavity formation
C) is produced by secondary ossification centers
D) takes twice as long as diaphysis
Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 184

BIOL241 3 rd “Experience” Chap. 6 – 7
7 Nov. 2013
81) Name the specific bone indicated by 1 __ Frontal _______
82) Name the bone indicated by 2 __ Humerus ____________
83) Name the specific type of bone indicated by 3 __ True Rib ____
84) Name the bone indicated by 4 ___ Sacrum _______
85) Name the type of bone indicated by 5 __ Phalange __
86) Name the specific bone indicate by 6 __ Patella ___
87) Name any bone in the region indicated by 7
Tarsals, _ Cuboid, _ Lateral, _ Intermediate, _ Medial _(1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd ) Cuneiforms,
Navicular, _ Talus, _ Calcaneus ___
88) ________ is a disease of the bone in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones.
Answer: Osteoporosis Diff: 1 Page Ref: 189-191
89) ________ are multinucleated cells that destroy bone.
Answer: Osteoclasts Diff: 1 Page Ref: 177; Fig. 6.4
90) Your "cheekbone" is mostly formed from the ________ bone.
Answer: zygomatic Diff: 1 Page Ref: 211
91) Explain the process of developmental (i.e. embryo/fetus  adolescence) bone formation (Endochondral Ossification, 5 steps or phases) including what is occurring during each phase. (10 points) (Lecture & pg. 182
– 184)
Extra credit: Compare the function of the organic materials in the bone matrix with the function of the inorganic materials in the matrix. ( 3 points)
Answer: The organic matrix contributes to the bone structure and its tensile strength, while the inorganic matrix contributes to its hardness and resistance to compression .
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 180