Directions for the U.S. Cultures paper: I like to give students a choice in their education. Therefore, you may choose to do EITHER the U.S. Cultures paper, OR take the fourth exam, but not both. Either one gives you the same 50 points. In other words, you may substitute the fourth exam for the paper depending on your personal interests. If you chose the exam, simply take the exam. If you select the paper, do not start the exam. You cannot open the exam and then decide you want to do the paper. Opening the exam, even by mistake, commits you to taking the exam. If you do both; the score on the exam will be used, not the score on the paper. The only deadline for this decision is the last day for submitting the paper or the exam at the end of the quarter. You may decide anytime during the quarter, and there is no need to let me know, simply continue with your choice. Additional directions for the paper: The paper will need to be: 1. Twenty pages long or more (single spaced) with one-inch margins in twelve-point type. 2. No cover sheet. 3. Put your name of the top of the first page 4. Include all footnotes and references for all items discussed 5. The paper must include all five of the U.S. Cultures learning objectives and two sub-objectives for each of the major ones as indicated in the syllabus. 6. Send your paper as an attachment to my NSC email on or before the date listed on the course calendar in the syllabus. As with other term papers, you will need to research these topics on your own with the help of our NSC library and databases. This paper is worth 50 points, the same as a midterm exam. You will need to include all five of the outcomes below in your paper, and include at least two subtopics in each outcome. Outcome 1: Examine the relationship between U.S. ideals and realities a) Discuss the meaning of U.S. ideals such as freedom, equality, justice, and opportunity and explore the relationships among them. b) Examine the founding documents of the U.S. government such as the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. c) Examine U.S. popular culture and media for (salient/dominant) values and ideals. d) Define the meaning of the U.S. work ethic and explore its relationship to socioeconomic status. e) Explore, describe, and analyze the disparities in the U.S. society based on race, ethnicity, gender, age, class, sexuality, and abilities. f) Analyze any gaps between the rhetoric and the realities. Outcome 2: Analyze how human differences of race, class, and gender are socially constructed into hierarchy in the context of the U.S. a) Define and discuss theories of social construction b) Apply critical thinking skills to examine the historical and cultural roots of stereotypes/images and overgeneralizations. c) Recognize the assumptions, perspectives, evidence, implications, premises, and conclusions in texts such as readings, films, television shows, and advertising. d) Distinguish facts from opinions e) Develop explanations of hierarchies using logical reasoning and evidence (empirical data/studies). f) Relate findings about hierarchies to cultural stereotypes, overgeneralizations, and assumptions. Outcome 3: Reflect on how one’s own attitudes, perspectives, beliefs are shaped by one’s own cultural, ethnic, and racial heritage, by gender, by age, by class, by sexual orientation, and by abilities. a) Exploring through writing how one’s own personal experiences might be shaped by these factors. b) Examine a variety of readings (literature, non-fiction, historical accounts, personal narratives/memoirs) in which authors consider the influence of these factors on attitudes, perspectives, and beliefs. c) Examine the origins of individuals’ beliefs, attitudes, and viewpoints. d) Examine the implications of different forms of knowledge for such self-reflection. Outcome 4: Compare and/or relate the experiences of at least three U.S. cultural groups, two of which must be non-European. a) Explore the possible relationships among cultural groups being studied within specific contexts (such as immigration, class, gender, migration patterns, historical periods). b) Emphasize the complexities of each cultural group to avoid over-simplification and stereotyping. c) Examine the international dimensions of U.S. cultural groups. Outcome 5: Demonstrate the ability to deal constructively with information, ideas, and emotions associated with issues of cultural diversity and conflict. a) Analyze and discuss texts (films, books, articles, visual images) that challenge common assumptions and/or present competing perspectives. b) Post 20 interactive discussions focusing on working closely together to deal constructively with differences and conflicts. To help you with this paper, your text discusses the major groups, countries, religions and related topics presented below. You may find the page numbers for each item in the subject index. Also, our NSC library and databases will be helpful. You may substitute the fourth exam for the U.S. Cultures paper. Before starting this paper, you must read the “Directions” in the “Start Here” section of the course website. Major groups, countries, topics, and religions discussed in the text. Major groups: African Americans Asian Americans Caribbean Americans European Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans Latinos Mexican Americans Native Americans Individual countries discussed in the text: Afghanistan Eastern Europe Africa Ecuador Bangladesh Egypt Belgium England Chile Ethiopia China Finland Colombia France Croatia Germany Czech Republic Great Britain East Asia Greece Guatemala Hungary India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan North America Northern Ireland Norway Pakistan Panama Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Tunisia Turkey Saudi Arabia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Kenya Korea Latvia Malaysia Mexico Netherlands New Guinea New Zealand Nigeria North Africa Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Russia South Africa South Asia Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Uganda United Kingdom United States Uruguay Viet Nam Additional related topics: Cultural patterns Multicultural development Culture Muslims Ethnic group Prejudice Ethnic identity Stereotypes Ethnicity Race Gay Marriage Racial prejudice Gay partners Racism Gender Same-sex couples Homosexuality Same-sex marriages Lesbian partners Same-sex parents Religions: Hinduism Islam Judaism Roman Catholicism Taoism Academic journals in PycARTICLES database at NSC Asian American Journal of Psychology Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology,