Biol 211, Fall 2008 Exam #3 Name ____________________
Section 1. Questions in this section can be answered with one or a few words.
For the following definitions, provide the correct term .
1. A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus. (1 pt)
2. Organelle that organizes the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle. (1 pt)
3. Variations in phenotype based on whether the chromosome was inherited from the mother or from the father.(1 pt)
4. Loss of water vapor from the leaf due to diffusion and evaporation. (1 pt)
5. Division of the cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells. (1 pt)
6. Alternate forms of a gene.(1 pt)
7. Small pore in a leaf that functions in gas exchange and to control water loss. (1 pt)
8. The exchange of corresponding segments between nonsister chromatids (1 pt)
Answer the following questions.
9. Where are phosophodiester linkages found? (1 pt)
10. What does nondisjunction result in?(1 pt)
11. C4 plants and CAM plants both require more energy to fix CO
2
than C3 plants. List one part of the process that requires the extra ATP in either a C4 or a CAM plant. (1 pt)
12. What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?(1 pt)
13. What is the function of cohesin proteins?(1 pt)
Page 1 of 5

Biol 211, Fall 2008 Exam #3 Name ____________________
14. At which end do kinetochore microtubules shorten in pig kidney cells; a) kinetochore attachment end or b) pole end? (1 pt)
15. What is one advantage asexual reproduction has over sexual reproduction? (1 pt)
16. What is an inversion? (1 pt)
17. Name one protein involved in the separation of the DNA strands for replication and briefly give its function. (1 pt)
Section 2. Short Answer.
18. Provide a concise definition for each that will clearly distinguish between the following pairs of terms. Be sure to include how the two terms are related to one another. (2 pts each): a) C4 plants / CAM plants b) leading strand / lagging strand c) pleiotrophy / polygenic inheritance
Page 2 of 5

Biol 211, Fall 2008 Exam #3 Name ____________________
Answer the following questions.
19. What are telomeres and why are they necessary? (3 pts)
20. a) Describe Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment (MLIA). (2 pts)
b) Linked genes violate Mendel’s LIA. Under what circumstances might it appear that Mendel’s
LIA holds true for linked genes? (2 pts)
21. Why are the most common lethal genetic disorders found in a population recessive traits rather than dominant traits? (2 pts)
22. What would happen to a cell at the G2 checkpoint if the concentrations of cyclin failed to increase during the S phase? (3 pts)
Page 3 of 5

Biol 211, Fall 2008 Exam #3 Name ____________________
23. The question of whether DNA or protein is the genetic material was the subject of much research earlier in the 20 th
century. Briefly describe one experiment that provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material. (3 pts)
24. a) What is the role of PEP Carboxylase in photosynthesis and why is it important? (3 pts)
b) Why is rubisco considered the most abundant enzyme on the planet? (2pts)
25. A female Drosophila (fly) was crossed with a white-eyed male fly. The genotype of the male fly was X w
Y (w = white eye allele that is recessive, w+= red-eye allele is dominant.) Half of the male and half of the female offspring were red-eyed, and half of the male and half of the female offspring were white-eyed. What was the genotype and the phenotype of the female fly? Show all of your work. (2 pts)
Page 4 of 5

Biol 211, Fall 2008 Exam #3 Name ____________________
Bonus Question (2pts)
Answer only one of the question below.
1. What would happen, in terms of a cell’s ability to do photosynthesis, if a mutation occurred that caused the primary electron acceptor in the water-splitting photosystem (PS2) to become a stronger electron acceptor than the chlorophyll a in the NADPH-producing photosystem (PS1)? Be specific.
2. What are two ways that pyruvate dehydrogenase can be regulated?
Page 5 of 5