Geographical and Ethnographical Visions of the World Before and After Columbus’ Arrival to America Maps “T” Maps The Land of Marvels Bartolomé “El inglés” Salterio Map 1250 Ebstorf Map c. 1240 Hereford Map 13th Century Demonstration of the Earth Sphericity 13th Century Zuane Pizzigano, 1424 Catalan Atlas Map of Europe, Norht Africa, and Middle East 15th Century Catalan Atlas 15th Century China, Catalan Atlas 15th Century Cathay Fra Mauro’s Map, 1459 Albino Canepa, 1489 Martin Behaim, 1492 Martin Behaim, 1492 Mapamundi “Cantino” 1502 Martin Waldseemüller Mappamundi 1507 Waldseenmuller 1513 Pierre Descellers 1550 Ethnographic/Ideological Maps The Monstrous in Hartmann Schedel Liber Chronicarum Sir Raleigh’s publication Libro de las maravillas, Sir John de Mandeville Battle of the Cranes and the Pigmies in Mandeville’s Maravillas and portrayed in the Catalan Atlas 15th Century First Images of Indigenous People by Europeans Columbus Letter Columbus Letter America and Americo Vespucci First representation of Indigenous people, the use of European artistic templates European templates for artistic representations of the Nativity Representation of Indigenous “everyday life” Everyday life Mappamundi from a different perspective