2301 Test Bank, Exam #1 Student Resources, Chapter 1 Multiple Choice Quiz
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2301 Test Bank, Exam #1 Student Resources, Chapter 1 Multiple Choice Quiz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Most African-Americans did not have an effective right to vote until: Need a hint? the 1850s and "Jacksonian democracy." passage of the Civil War Amendments. 1920 and passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. after 1965. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Democracy in the United States: Need a hint? is complete. is being threatened by communist forces in Central America. is impossible to achieve because of racial diversity. is incomplete and not operating as it might. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 A central theme of the book is that: Need a hint? democracy is destined to fail in postindustrial America. capitalism is required if democracy is to flourish. it is a struggle to protect, enrich, and expand democracy. democracy is a relatively simple concept and is for the most part self-executing. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Which of the following concepts is used as a standard for evaluating the quality of American political life? Need a hint? democracy liberty constitutionalism freedom -------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Which of the following statements would we ask if we want to evaluate political life in America? Need a hint? How free is America? How democratic is the American political system? Is communism being arrested around the world? Is capitalism safe from socialism? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Democracy means: Need a hint? rule by the people. rule by the few. rule by one. rule by those with wealth. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 The heart of democracy lies in: Need a hint? a faith in the collective will of all individuals. a faith in the capacity of ordinary human beings. a faith that God will anoint and ordain leaders of the people. a faith in "chaos theory." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 What is the major difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy? Need a hint? In a direct democracy citizens themselves make decisions, whereas in a representative democracy citizens have intermediaries who make decisions for them. A direct democracy is possible only if citizens participate, whereas in a representative democracy, citizen participation is unnecessary. The only major difference between the two is that direct democracies have been around longer than representative democracies. There is no difference between the two types of democracy. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 By "representative" democracy we mean: Need a hint? policies are made such that all groups in the United States are fairly satisfied with the system. a system in which the people select others to act in their place. that legislators are representative of various groups in society, such as minorities, women, etc. that legislators must vote exactly as their constituents desire. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Democracy exists only when three things exist. Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements for democracy? Need a hint? popular sovereignty religion political equality political liberty -------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 What is the definition of popular sovereignty? Need a hint? political equality political freedom the ultimate source of government authority is the people government is restrained within the limits of the Constitution -------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 The term "deliberative will" refers to which of the following? Need a hint? the will of representatives of the people the will of the people arrived at after a period of reflection and discussion with others the will of those in government who carry out the law the process used by U.S. Supreme Court justices in their decision making -------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Why is participation in the political process an important condition of popular sovereignty? Need a hint? Without widespread participation, the nature of the popular will can only be guessed at. Without widespread participation, nothing guarantees that officials will respond to the popular will. Participation is essential because the deliberative will of the people can only emerge from a process of reflection and discussion with others. All of the above are important reasons for participation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 In an election, the person who has the most money in the community gets to cast 100 votes; the person considered the most religious in the city gets to cast 50 votes; the person who is considered the most intelligent in the community gets to cast 10 votes; everyone else in the city gets to cast one vote except people who have blue eyes, who do not get to vote at all. This voting scenario violates the principle of: Need a hint? due process of law. affirmative action. cumulative voting. political equality. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Wealth and income in the United States are distributed: Need a hint? fairly evenly among all groups. in a highly unequal fashion. fairly evenly among whites, but not between whites and minorities. with little or no gender bias. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 Political equality involves what is referred to in the ____________ to the Constitution as "equal protection," meaning that everyone in a democracy is treated the same by government. Need a hint? 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment 19th Amendment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Political liberty refers to: Need a hint? equality of opportunity. basic freedoms essential to the formation and expression of the popular will. having a written constitution to protect citizens from government. nondiscrimination in employment. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 Why were the Founders of the nation afraid of "majority tyranny?" Need a hint? They were afraid that the majority might try to undermine the freedoms of minorities and/or threaten individual rights. They mainly feared that their positions of power in society would be undermined. The founders themselves were not that concerned over minority rights. They knew that minorities would be voting in elections and wanted their votes. As members and representatives of the majority in America, they knew that the majority would not tyrannize and were relatively unconcerned with the dangers of majority rule. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 The landmark civil rights bill that allowed widespread African-American political participation in the South was the: Need a hint? Civil Rights Act of 1875. Emancipation Proclamation. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Voting Rights Act of 1965. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 The framework advanced by the authors to aid our understanding of American politics suggests that every political actor, institution, and process can be located in one of four categories. Which of the following is NOT one of those sectors? Need a hint? government system political linkage structure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 Which of the following is an example of a government actor or influence? Need a hint? a political party the president the position of the U.S. in world affairs public opinion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 Which of the four categories in the analytical framework used in the text has the formal, legal responsibility for making policy? Need a hint? government political structure all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The term "political linkage" refers to: Need a hint? formal policy makers. political actors, institutions and processes that transmit the wants and demands of the people and groups to government officials. environmental factors such as the U.S. economy. the allocation of values among population subgroups. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 The term "structure" refers to: Need a hint? linkage institutions. formal policy makers. fundamental and enduring factors that influence government, such as constitutional rules. the bureaucracy. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 What policy area do the authors use in Chapter 1 to illustrate their four category analytical framework? Need a hint? foreign policy social policy civil rights legislation regulatory policy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 Which of the following was the most significant political linkage influence affecting passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act? Need a hint? President Johnson the Supreme Court the civil rights movement the U.S. Congress -------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Which of the following was a structure factor contributing to the downfall of "Jim Crow" laws? Need a hint? African-Americans migrating from the South to the North in search of better jobs political parties beginning to decline in importance Lyndon Johnson's superior legislative skills a Congress controlled by the Democrats -------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 The text states that political decisions and policies: Need a hint? are usually the result of either political linkage or government influences. have multiple causes. are usually the result of structure influences. are usually the result of government influences. Student Resources, Chapter 4 Multiple Choice Quiz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 According to the case study "'B-1 Bob' Learns about His District" changes in structural factors led to changes in Need a hint? political linkage factors. government factors. government action. all of the above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 In Chapter 4, the authors primarily discuss the importance of _______________ factors that shape American politics and what government does. Need a hint? structure demographic political linkage government -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Today, most immigrants come to the U.S. from: Need a hint? Africa. Scandinavia. Asia and Latin America. Europe. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 _______________ reactions to immigration by the majority population have been common in the United States. Need a hint? Nativist Eclectic Communitarian Populist -------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Which of the following was a major factor contributing to urbanization in America early in this century? Need a hint? an increased need for agricultural workers industrialization massive federal and state road building programs increased tax burdens in rural areas -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 The U.S. population has steadily moved: Need a hint? West. North. South. both a and c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Residents of central cities are more likely to vote: Need a hint? as Democrats. as Republicans. as Independents. for Socialists. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Which of the following radically transformed the American occupational structure by bringing large mass-production industries and "blue collar" workers? Need a hint? economic Darwinism the information "superhighway" the Industrial Revolution supply-side economics -------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Which of the following factors accelerated the shift of employment from factory and farm to office? Need a hint? the decline in certain manufacturing industries the disappearance of the small family farm the rapid rise of the high technology and information sectors all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 In 1950, the United States became the first nation in the world where _______________ workers were in the majority. Need a hint? blue-collar semi-skilled white-collar union -------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 The decline in union strength in America has: Need a hint? led to corporate exploitation. had little overall effect on the types of policies passed in the United States. diminished the support for liberal economic and social policies. created a new era of cooperation between labor and management. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Fully 60 percent of all new jobs in the 1980s went to: Need a hint? immigrants. women. men. Hispanics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 The median age in America: Need a hint? has been decreasing. has remained constant. fluctuates based on participation in wars. has been increasing. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Which of the following statements best describes the distribution of income and wealth among Americans during the 1980s and 1990s? Need a hint? The poor got richer. The rich got poorer. The rich got richer. The poor left and went to Canada. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Anger among this group of voters was almost certainly a factor in the defeat of incumbent President George Bush. Need a hint? middle class upper class lower class economic elites -------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 The distribution of poverty in the United States is not random, but is concentrated among: Need a hint? racial minorities. female-headed households. children. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Extensive material inequality may undermine the possibility of: Need a hint? political equality. political elitism. economic inequality. both b and c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Which of the following is an issue that the authors raise about democracy being able to survive in a highly unequal society? Need a hint? Those with wealth can make their voices heard better by government than those without wealth. The government might not be able to fund all the programs that it would like to fund because the wealthy have all the money. Inequality might lead to chaos. Those in the lower class would be forced into a subservient position by those in the upper class. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 What two characteristics best define a capitalist economy? Need a hint? equality and opportunity private ownership and the existence of markets a safety net and private ownership equal pay for equal work and freedom to work where one wants to work -------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 The corporate-dominated economy that we are so familiar with today emerged: Need a hint? at the end of World War II. after the Civil War. in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. in the 1960s. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 Following World War II, America's largest corporations became overwhelmingly: Need a hint? foreign owned. privately owned. global in character. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 In terms of economic power, the United States is: Need a hint? in a steep downward spiral. holding steady. experiencing a resurgence after having undergone a relative decline. has collapsed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 Which of the following is an example of a transformation that has taken place in the U.S. economy over the past decade? Need a hint? Business consolidation has decreased. American corporations have become increasingly intertwined with corporations from other countries. America has become the world's largest creditor nation. America has been unable to adapt to changes in the global economy and find new industries to exploit, as old ones, like mining and steel, have declined. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 Americans' belief that an individual's fate is (and ought to be) tied to his or her own efforts, and that people are naturally competitive, always striving to better themselves in relation to others is: Need a hint? socialism capitalism competitive individualism elite individualism -------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 The term _______________ refers to the hostility of the common person to power and the powerful. Need a hint? populism progressive egalitarian liberty -------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 Much of the growth in the size, reach, and responsibilities of the federal government is related to: Need a hint? government factors. political linkage factors. structure factors. demographic factors Student Resources, Chapter 17 Multiple Choice Quiz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Which of the following was a factor in the "Budget Chaos in the 104th Congress?" Need a hint? The budget bill fashioned in the House of Representatives included drastic cutbacks in the regulatory responsibilities of the federal government and a slowdown in Medicare funding. President Clinton did not support the budget bill. A government shutdown for a week in November and three weeks in December and January. All of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Today, governments in all modern capitalist societies play a substantial role in managing their national economies. The event that forever changed the role of government in economic affairs was: Need a hint? World War II. World War I. the worldwide Great Depression of the 1930s. the election of FDR. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Which of the following best describes why governments in all modern capitalist societies play a substantial role in the management and direction of their economies? Need a hint? The free market economy, left to itself, is subject to periodic collapse, bouts of inflation, and unemployment. Elites in control of the government create policies which benefit business. The economy could not work without some type of governmental intervention. Most of the constitutions in countries around the world require that the government make economic policies. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 The federal government is the: Need a hint? largest customer in the United States. biggest borrower in the United States. biggest employer in the United States. All of the above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Which of the following is a goal of government economic policymaking? Need a hint? economic growth low employment minimizing diseconomies all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Which of the following is the primary objective of macroeconomic policy? Need a hint? increased foreign trade a reduced deficit increased spending steady economic growth -------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 When government leaders adjust fiscal and monetary policies they are focusing on: Need a hint? microeconomic policy. the national debt. macroeconomic policy. supply-side economics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 When government officials change macroeconomic policy they are: Need a hint? trying to finance a foreign war. lowering the national debt. primarily concerned with lowering the interest rate. trying to adjust the money supply, government spending, and taxes to affect the performance of the economy as a whole. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Why are fiscal tools sometimes difficult to use in regulating the economy? Need a hint? Decisions about how much government should spend are made by a very small group of people. Federal spending cannot be easily adjusted up or down as economic conditions change. Decisions by Congress to lower the discount rate to federal banks are a cumbersome process. Changes in spending and taxes can occur very quickly before many economists can agree on what the problem is. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Fiscal policy primarily concerns: Need a hint? setting the interest rate. government spending and taxing levels. determining the "cost" of money. paying foreign governments back the money we owe them. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 The institution(s) responsible for monetary policy is (are) the: Need a hint? president and Congress. Congressional Budget Office. Federal Reserve Board. Office of Management and Budget. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Which of the following is a result of the Federal Reserve Board making money available at lower interest rates to member banks and savings and loans? Need a hint? Individual spending is likely to decrease. Individual spending is likely to stay the same. Individual spending is likely to increase but only for lower-income groups. Individual spending is likely to increase overall. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 How does the Federal Reserve Board influence the supply of money in the economy? Need a hint? by increasing taxes by increasing spending by changing the discount rate by allocating more funds to state banks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 According to the Keynesian approach, when demand is too high and triggers inflation (too many dollars chasing too few goods), government should do which of the following? Need a hint? increase spending lower the discount rate decrease taxes decrease spending -------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Keynesian economic policy is consistent with a(n): Need a hint? activist government role in the economy. laissez-faire economic theory. minimal role of government in the economy. Keynesian economic policy is consistent with an activist government role in the economy, using government spending and taxing policies to affect macroeconomic outcomes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 According to monetarists, which of the following is the key to a healthy economy? Need a hint? proper management of the supply of money and credit by central banks proper management of governmental taxing increased international trade competition proper management of governmental spending -------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Which of the following BEST explains why the relative spending level of the federal government has increased steadily since the 1930s? Need a hint? mainly the increased costs of running the government (e.g., salaries, pensions, etc.) mainly increases in Congressional salaries the transformation of the role of the federal government in American society the cost of foreign wars -------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 What is the single largest source of tax revenues for the national government? Need a hint? sales taxes property taxes income taxes excise taxes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 Which of the following is an example of a "tax expenditure?" Need a hint? deductibility of interest on mortgage loans accelerated depreciation on new plants and equipment enterprise zones all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 Which of the following BEST explains why government regulates? Need a hint? to redistribute incomes to raise excise taxes because people generally want government to do something to fix the problems caused by market failures to expand the size of government -------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 Whom do many scholars believe benefitted most from regulatory policies enacted between 1900 and World War I? Need a hint? middle-class Americans working-class Americans factory workers business corporations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 By the end of the 1970s, what was the mood of opinion leaders both inside and outside the government in regard to federal government regulation? Need a hint? Most blamed excessive regulation for forcing inefficient practices on American companies and hastening the decline of the United States in the world economy. Most favored increased regulation in order to make the American workplace safer and the environment cleaner. Most favored a continuation of the already lax federal regulation imposed on American corporations. Most favored an increase in regulations so that American corporations could work in tandem, thus making the American economy more competitive in the world market. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 Why is the regulatory state likely to expand in the future? Need a hint? The Democrats control the United States Congress. New problems, created as a matter of course in a dynamic market economy, are always appearing and many bring public demands for government intervention. Few regulatory policies are supported by the public. Regulation makes American businesses more efficient and competitive in the world market. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 The Fed is: Need a hint? closely regulated by the president. closely regulated by Congress. relatively independent. both a and b. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 Programs in which individuals contribute to an insurance trust fund by way of a payroll tax on their earnings and receive benefits based on their contributions are called: Need a hint? IRA programs. mutual fund programs. means-tested programs. social insurance programs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 Programs that distribute benefits on the basis of need to those who can prove that their income is low enough to qualify are called: Need a hint? IRA programs. mutual fund programs. means-tested programs. social insurance programs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Financing of means-tested programs is through: Need a hint? general tax revenues bonds a contributory insurance fund T-bills -------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 Which program is administered and funded solely by the federal government? Need a hint? Aid to Families with Dependent Children Medicaid Social Security food stamps -------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 The largest single federal expenditure is for: Need a hint? Medicaid. AFDC. common education. social insurance programs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------30 Social insurance benefits go mainly to the: Need a hint? retired. elderly. youth. Both a and b above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 The largest of the social insurance programs and the full, technical name of Social Security is: Need a hint? Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. Medicare. Medicaid. AFDC. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 The size of the Social Security trust fund: Need a hint? is decreasing. has held relatively constant since 1935. is growing. is unknown. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------33 The federal program that pays for a substantial portion of the hospital, doctor, and drug costs of retirees and the disabled is: Need a hint? OASDI. unemployment supplemental coverage. Medicaid. Medicare. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 A program financed by federal and state taxes on employers for each of their employees is known as: Need a hint? OASDI. unemployment insurance. Medicare. AFDC. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 Which program(s) within the American welfare state is usually called "welfare?" Need a hint? Social Security Medicare Means-tested Programs education assistance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------36 The provision of medical assistance for indigent citizens is through: Need a hint? SSI Medicare Medicaid Social Security -------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 Which public assistance program created in 1974 provides cash benefits to the elderly, blind, and disabled poor for whom social insurance programs are sufficient to elevate them above the poverty line? Supplemental Security Income Medicaid Food Stamps AFDC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 By far the most popular means-tested social welfare program is: Need a hint? SSI. AFDC. job training programs. Head Start. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 Among industrialized democracies, the United States is considered to be at the _________ end of the spectrum in the delivery of social welfare. Need a hint? minimal liberal developed democratic socialist -------------------------------------------------------------------------------40 How is the American welfare system different from welfare systems in other countries? Need a hint? The United States' welfare state developed sooner than others in the world The United States' welfare state is larger than most others in the world. The elderly do considerably better than the young in the American welfare state. The American welfare state is more re-distributive than other welfare states. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 What is one of the reasons why social welfare programs developed so late in the United States? Need a hint? Because of federalism, it was not clear where the main responsibility for social welfare stood. The United States did not have severe problems that necessitated a welfare system. The high income groups which controlled the government kept welfare programs at a minimum. The Republican party dominated government on the state level for many years. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 Which of the following types of societies are theoretiaclly more willing to support welfare programs because recipients are considered neighbors and not strangers? Need a hint? pluralistic socially equal ethnically and racially homogeneous ethnically and racially divided ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Previous exams 1) The modern New England town meeting is very A) different from American republicanism because it allows everyone to vote, even children. B) similar to American republicanism because it demands that all citizens obey the law in return for civil rights. C) similar to American republicanism because it encourages all citizens to vote for representatives. D) different from American republicanism because it practices direct participatory democracy. 2) Which three principles or institutions are used to evaluate democracies in Struggle for Democracy? A) popular sovereignty, economic equality, and political liberty B) elections, assemblies, and rights C) basic rights, fair elections, and accountable leaders D) popular sovereignty, political equality, and political liberty 3) With respect to the distribution of wealth in a nation, according to Aristotle and Jefferson, the ideal society for the practice of democracy is one A) where wealth is distributed fairly evenly among everyone. B) where a small elite controls most wealth. C) with a large middle class. D) in which men and women share equally. 4) How capable are ordinary Americans of understanding and behaving rationally within the political system? A) Americans as a collectivity are poorly informed and unstable in their political views. B) The American public is highly informed about political life. C) Americans are much better informed about politics than people in other countries. D) The American public, collectively, is reasonably stable in its collective opinions about politics. 5) Laws that required separation and segregation of the races are commonly known as A) egalitarian laws. B) reapportionment laws. C) "Jim Crow" laws. D) Martin Luther King laws. 6) The term governmental level refers to A) public officials and official institutions that have formal, legal responsibility in making policy. B) political actors that do not hold official public office. C) parties, interest groups, and other institutions that transmit preferences to elected officials. D) None of the above. 7) According to Struggle for Democracy, which level of the analytical framework largely determines what issues reach the political agenda? A) governmental B) political linkage C) structural D) demographic 14) Which of the following defines POLITICS? A) "who gets what, when, and how." B) "the authoritative allocation of valued things." C) "the competitive process engaged in a society to allocate scarce resources and determine priorities." D) All of the above are definitions of politics. 15) The correct answer to question #17 implies that A) people are in conflict over valued things in society. B) societies have a set of procedures to resolve the question of "who gets what, when, and how." C) individuals are anti-social. D) both a and b. 16) GOVERNMENT refers to A) any group of people involved in politics. B) only a predetermined set of countries that recognize each other as having legal power. C) the structured arrangements in a society that have legitimate authority to impose binding decisions resolving conflicts. D) any person or group of persons who have power but who respect the right of all people to be free. 17) Which of the following accurately describe American democracy? 1. procedural 2. representative 3. liberal 4. socialist 5. substantive A) 1, 2, and 3 B) 1 and 2 C) 2, 3, 4, and 5 D) 3 only 18) The process by which citizens propose policies which are approved or rejected by voters in a subsequent election is called A) ratification. B) amendment. C) initiative. D) referendum. 19) An act of referring legislative or constitutional measures to the voters for their approval or disapproval is called A) an initiative. B) a referendum. C) a recall election. D) a plebiscite. 21) According to PRACTICING TEXAS POLITICS, public policy A) may only be formulated by governmental bodies. B) rarely involves conflict. C) is of no importance to most citizens. D) often involves interaction between governmental and non-governmental groups. 22) According to PRACTICING TEXAS POLITICS, "a community's habits, attitudes, and patterns of behavior regarding government" is defined as its A) political culture. B) political socialization. C) political economics. D) political geography. 23) According to PRACTICING TEXAS POLITICS, Professor Daniel Elazar claims that the political culture of Texas is A) individualistic. B) moralistic. C) individualistic and traditionalistic. D) traditionalistic and formalistic. 24) Which of the following was a major factor contributing to urbanization in America early in this century? A) an increased need for agricultural workers B) industrialization C) massive federal and state road building programs D) increased tax burdens in rural areas 25) Sun Belt states A) are generally more conservative than other states. B) tend to be more unionized than other states. C) are generally more liberal than other states. D) tend to have higher tax burdens than other states. 26) The American population has experienced a shift from A) manufacturing to service occupations. B) service to manufacturing occupations. C) farming to manufacturing occupations. D) farming to service occupations. 27) Compared with most European countries, the United States A) has a lower GNP. B) has more income inequality. C) has less poverty. D) spends more on social programs. 28) A capitalist economic system is characterized by A) extensive rules and regulations to protect business from unwarranted interference by the public. B) government ownership of the means of production and the existence of markets to coordinate economic activity. C) private ownership of the means of production and the existence of markets to coordinate economic activity. D) extensive rules and regulations to protect the public from mercenary activities of business and corporations. 29) The contentious nature of trade issues was recently highlighted A) in the G12 meeting in Brussels. B) with the fight over the North American Free Trade Agreement. C) with SALT II negotiations. D) All of the above. 30) Soon after World War II, the U.S. A) became the world's diplomatic and military leader. B) turned inward, taken over by strong isolationist sentiments. C) went into a period of severe economic decline. D) forged a lasting alliance with the Soviet Union. 31) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The Civil War halted industrialism for about five years. B) Before the Civil War, American capitalism was defined by large corporations. C) The U.S. advocated free trade rights after the Civil War. D) The Civil War accelerated industrialism in the United States. 32) What best describes the recent transformation of the American economy in the 1970s and 1980s? A) absolute decline B) relative decline C) decreasing inequality D) increasing nationalism 33) The __________ of the 1930s made it clear to most people that the market economy, if left alone, would suffer periodic collapse. A) Second World War B) New Deal C) famine D) worldwide Great Depression 34) __________ play a substantial role in managing and directing their economies. A) Very few governments in foreign countries B) Only socialist governments C) Governments in all modern capitalist societies D) Most governments in foreign countries, unlike that of the United States, 35) The authors define economic growth as A) two quarters of rising productivity. B) a decline in the balance of trade. C) six months of less than two percent inflation. D) an annual increase in the gross domestic product. 36) Government actions A) influence interest rates, inflation, the level of unemployment, and the rate of growth in the economy. B) have little influence over most macroeconomic indicators. C) occasionally influence the stock market and interest rates, but usually its actions are ignored by investors. D) have little influence over "pocketbook" issues affecting most Americans. 37) A condition that exists when a private market fails to capture all of the social costs associated with the production and consumption of a good or service is known as A) a negative externality. B) a positive externality. C) adverse selection. D) the free rider problem. 38) What policy responses might government attempt to counter the condition described in question #40? A) subsidize the good or service B) provide the good or service C) regulate the market D) all of the above 39) Which good or service is most likely to have associated with it the kind of condition described in #40? A) higher education B) childhood immunizations C) automobiles D) public libraries 40) Which of the following is an example of a public good/service? A) airplane travel B) an interstate highway C) soft drinks sold in recyclable glass bottles D) all of the above 41) A city council bans smoking in all public places in the city. Fines are levied against violators. Why has the city council enacted this policy? A) This is an example of adverse selection -- non-smokers are adversely affected by second-hand smoke. B) This is an example of government providing a public good -- it is doing what is good for the public. C) This is an example of a negative externality -- the market for cigarettes fails to capture all of the social costs associated with the production and consumption of cigarettes. D) none of the above. 42) A condition that exists when a private market fails to capture all of the social benefits associated with the production and consumption of a good or service is known as A) a negative externality. B) a positive externality. C) adverse selection. D) the free rider problem. 43) What policy response(s) might government enact to counter the condition described in question #45? A) subsidize the good or service B) provide the good or service C) regulate the market D) a or b or both 44) Which of the following terms BEST describes the American economy? A) socialist B) pure capitalism C) laissez-faire market system D) market capitalism 45) Which of the following would serve as an example of a government economic function which attempts to strengthen or facilitate the operation of the market system [push the economy towards the model of pure capitalism]? A) government providing a public good such as a highway B) government regulating a polluting industry to correct a negative externality C) government enforcing anti-trust legislation to prevent the formation of monopolies D) none of these 46) Suppose Congress rewrote the tax code to make the federal income tax more progressive. Such an action would be an example of A) government providing a suitable legal framework for the market system. B) a government effort to modify or supplement the operation of the market system (effort to correct a flaw of capitalism). C) government regulation to correct a negative externality. D) government regulation to correct a positive externality. 47) The objective of macroeconomic policy is to A) achieve full employment, steady economic growth, and stable prices. B) study the activities of a single sector of the economy. C) integrate the functions of the executive and legislative branches of government in setting economic policy. D) analyze the relationship between the poverty rate and the decline of family values. 48) Macroeconomic policy refers A) solely to the regulations of financial and investment businesses. B) to all government policy that influences the economic well-being of citizens. C) to policies involving foreign exchange rates, international trade, and foreign aid. D) to fiscal and monetary policies. 49) Government fiscal policies have to do with A) interest rates and the money supply. B) defense and foreign policy. C) public restraints on business activities. D) taxing and spending. 50) Fiscal policy may lag behind the need to adjust to changing economic conditions because A) Congress must approve every change in interest rates. B) changes in spending and taxing are often slow and cumbersome. C) Congress has no control over how much the government spends. D) foreign governments largely control American economic policy. 51) Monetary policy is the responsibility of the A) Federal Reserve Board. B) president and Congress. C) Monetary Control Board. D) Secretary of the Treasury. 52) Keynesian fiscal policy theory is typically associated with A) supply-side economics. B) the use of taxing and spending policies to alter national economic variables. C) the theories of Adam Smith. D) extensive government planning of national economic goals. 53) Assume that the economy is over-heating and inflation is picking up. Which of the following would be an appropriate fiscal policy response? A) The Federal Reserve Board decides to raise taxes and decrease the federal government's spending. B) The Federal Reserve Board decides to raise the discount rate and increase reserve requirements. C) The president and Congress decide to lower the discount rate and decrease reserve requirements. D) the president and Congress decide to raise taxes and decrease the federal government's spending. 54) In class, we noted that the United States, Japan, and most of the countries of western Europe have economies that we call __________ while Russia and most of the countries of eastern Europe have economies that we call __________. A) market socialism; command socialism B) market capitalism; command capitalism C) market capitalism; market socialism D) command capitalism; market socialism 55) Most of the countries of the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America have __________ economies while Cuba, North Korea, and the former Soviet Union have [had] ________ economies. A) market socialism; command socialism B) market capitalism; command capitalism C) market capitalism; market socialism D) command capitalism; command socialism 56) Actions by the Federal Reserve Board are intended to affect the A) number of military recruits available to the armed forces. B) amount of oil in the strategic oil reserve. C) level of business regulation of a given industry. D) amount of money available to businesses and individuals. 57) Government monetary policy has to do with A) taxing and spending. B) interest rates and the money supply. C) unemployment rates. D) the size of the federal bureaucracy. 58) One way that the Federal Reserve Board controls the money supply is by A) raising or lowering taxes. B) vetoing federal regulations. C) regulating the printing of money. D) changing the discount rate. 59) The Federal Reserve Board has a number of ways to influence the economy. Which of the following is NOT within the power of the Fed? A) set the interest rates for credit cards B) buy federal securities C) change the discount rate D) change reserve requirements 60) Which of the following economic alternatives is NOT seriously considered by either major political party in the United States? A) Keynesianism B) monetarism C) supply side economics D) state socialism 61) Keynesianism is consistent with A) communism. B) theories of small government. C) an activist government role in the economy. D) the ideas of Milton Friedman. 62) The national government depends primarily on A) flat taxes. B) income and payroll taxes. C) consumption taxes. D) national sales taxes. 1. GOVERNMENT refers to a. any group of people involved in politics. b. only a predetermined set of countries that recognize each other as having legal power. c. the structured arrangements in a society that have legitimate authority to impose binding decisions on the members of society. d. any person or group of persons who have power but who respect the right of all people to be free. 2. A(n) __________ government exists when citizens generally recognize the decisions it makes and the policies it carries out; a(n) _______________ government exists when it coerces or forces citizens to comply with policy mandates and/or does not take citizen preferences into account when making policy decisions. a. authoritarian; dictatorship b. authoritative; illegitimate c. authoritative; authoritarian d. legitimate; illegitimate 3. Which of the following defines POLITICS? a. “who gets what, when, and how.” b. “the authoritative allocation of valued things.” c. “the competitive process engaged in a society to allocate scarce resources and determine priorities.” d. All of the above are definitions of politics. 4. The correct answer to question #3 implies that a. people are in conflict over valued things in society. b. societies have a set of procedures to resolve the question of “who gets what, when, and how.” c. individuals are anti-social. d. both a and b. 5. According to the Dye text, the tendency of most of us as American citizens, most of the time, to obey laws out of habit is referred to as a. habit of practice. b. enforcement compliance. c. habit of compliance. d. compliant practice. 6. Suppose a city council passed an ordinance in 1990 which prohibits individuals and businesses from posting signs (i.e., garage sale signs, small business advertising) on right-of-ways, intersections, street lights, telephone poles, city property, etc. Because Code Enforcement (the city department responsible for enforcement of the ordinance) does not have enough manpower, it has not issued a single citation for violation of the ordinance in seven years. Consequently, these signs are pervasive around the city. What important principle of public policy does this example illustrate? a. Public policies NEVER work. b. City governments have little authority to make public policy decisions. c. Public policies are what government intends to do. d. Public policies consist of decisions AND action - the action of government determines the content of public policy. 7. Which of the following sets of stages in the policy-making process is listed in the correct logical order? a. evaluation, adoption, implementation, formulation, designation b. formulation, adoption, designation, implementation, evaluation c. agenda-setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation d. agenda-setting, adoption, designation, implementation, evaluation 8. The stage of the policy-making process that involves “choosing an official course of action from among alternative policy strategies” is a. implementation. b. designation. c. formulation d. adoption. 9. In which stage of the policy-making process are problem identification (perception) and priority-setting important activities? a. agenda-setting b. designation c. adoption d. formulation 10. The U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a law school’s affirmative action admissions program as unconstitutional. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. implementation. b. designation. c. agenda-setting. d. evaluation. 11. A city health director designs an educational program to inform teenagers about the dangers of “unprotected sex.” The city council must vote next week whether to fund the program. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. implementation. b. formulation. c. adoption. d. evaluation. 12. Inmates in the Texas Department of Corrections file a class action lawsuit in state district court in an attempt to force the state to deal with the issue of prison over-crowding. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. agenda-setting b. implementation c. adoption d. formulation 13. The board of a Texas school district votes on a proposal to include a course on moral values in the high school curriculum. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. implementation. b. designation. c. adoption. d. formulation. 14. Which stage of the policy-making process exclusively involves governmental actors? a. agenda-setting b. designation c. adoption d. formulation 15. A medical doctor writes an editorial article calling for swifter approval of AIDS drugs by the Food and Drug Administration. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. implementation. b. designation. c. adoption. d. evaluation. 16. The results of a vote by a city council require that benefits under the city’s health plan be extended to the “live-in” (unmarried) partners of city employees, irrespective of sexual orientation. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. agenda-setting b. adoption c. implementation d. designation 1. Which of the following defines POLITICS? a. “who gets what, when, and how.” b. “the authoritative allocation of valued things.” c. “the competitive process engaged in a society to allocate scarce resources and determine priorities.” d. All of the above are definitions of politics. 2. The correct answer to question #1 implies that a. people are in conflict over valued things in society. b. societies have a set of procedures to resolve the question of “who gets what, when, and how.” c. individuals are anti-social. d. both a and b. 3. GOVERNMENT refers to a. any group of people involved in politics. b. the structured arrangements, which produce decisions resolving, conflict. c. only a predetermined set of countries that recognize each other as having legal power. d. any person or group of persons who have power but who respect the right of all people to be free. 4. A(n) __________ government exists when citizens generally recognize the decisions it makes and the policies it carries out; a(n) _______________ government exists when it coerces or forces citizens to comply with policy mandates and/or does not take citizen preferences into account when making policy decisions. e. authoritarian; dictatorship f. authoritative; authoritarian g. authoritative; illegitimate h. legitimate; illegitimate 5. According to the Dye text, the tendency of most of us as American citizens, most of the time, to obey laws out of habit is referred to as a. habit of practice. b. habit of compliance. c. enforcement compliance. d. compliant practice. 6. Suppose a city council passed an ordinance in 1990 which prohibits individuals and businesses from posting signs (i.e., garage sale signs, small business advertising) on right-of-ways, intersections, street lights, telephone poles, city property, etc. Because Code Enforcement (the city department responsible for enforcement of the ordinance) does not have enough manpower, it has not issued a single citation for violation of the ordinance in seven years. Consequently, these signs are pervasive around the city. What important principle of public policy does this example illustrate? a. Public policies NEVER work. b. City governments have little authority to make public policy decisions. c. Public policies consist of decisions AND action - the action of government determines the content of public policy. d. Public policies are what government intends to do. 7. Which of the following sets of stages in the policy-making process is listed in the correct logical order? a. evaluation, adoption, implementation, formulation, designation b. formulation, adoption, designation, implementation, evaluation c. agenda-setting, adoption, designation, implementation, evaluation d. agenda-setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation 8. In which stage of the policy-making process are problem identification (perception) and priority-setting important activities? a. agenda-setting b. designation c. adoption d. formulation 9. Which of the following BEST illustrates implementation? a. The president gives a speech calling for welfare reform. b. The Supreme Court upholds a city fire department’s affirmative action program. c. The Pentagon proposes new procedures for making defense-related purchases. d. The Occupational Safety And Health Administration (OSHA) inspects a plastics factory looking for levels of vinyl chloride in excess of federal standards. 10. The stage of the policy-making process that involves “choosing an official course of action from among alternative policy strategies” is a. implementation. b. designation. c. adoption. d. formulation. 11. A city health director designs an educational program to inform teenagers about the dangers of “unprotected sex.” The city council must vote next week whether to fund the program. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. implementation. b. formulation. c. adoption. d. evaluation. 12. The U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a law school’s affirmative action admissions program as unconstitutional. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. implementation. b. designation. c. agenda-setting. d. evaluation. 13. A president gives a speech in which he claims that violent juvenile crime is out of control and the government needs to respond with decisive action. This is an example of which stage of the policymaking process? a. implementation. b. agenda-setting. c. adoption. d. evaluation. 14. The board of a Texas school district votes on a proposal to include a course on moral values in the high school curriculum. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. implementation. b. designation. c. adoption. d. formulation. 15. Inmates in the Texas Department of Corrections file a class action lawsuit in state district court in an attempt to force the state to deal with the issue of prison over-crowding. This is an example of which stage of the policy-making process? a. agenda-setting b. implementation c. adoption d. formulation 16. In class, we introduced a public policy classification scheme. Which of the following questions must be answered in order to classify a policy under this scheme? 1. Who is the primary target group? 2. Why is government implementing the policy? 3. What are the goals of the policy? 4. What is the activity of government with respect to the primary target group [what is government doing to or for the primary target group]? 5. Who are the secondary target groups? a. 1, 3, and 5 b. 1, 2, and 4 c. 2 and 4 d. 1 and 4 17. Under the policy classification scheme introduced in class, which of the following is NOT one of the five activities that government can undertake with respect to a primary target group? a. give b. take c. symbolize d. lie 18. The United States denies the People’s Republic of China most favored nation trading status as a result of China’s alleged human rights violations. This is an example of which class of policy? a. resource extractive b. symbolic c. regulatory d. resource extractive 19. The City Health Department inspects a local restaurant and finds “slime in the ice machine,” inadequate refrigeration for perishable foods, and roach and rodent droppings on cabinet shelves, the floor, and food containers. This is the third round of violations for this restaurant. The Health Department closes down the establishment until standards are met. This is an example of which type or class of public policy? a. resource allocative b. resource extractive c. regulatory d. internal organization and management 20. The Federal Trade Commission enforces the standards of the Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1968. This legislation requires finance companies, retail stores, nonfederal credit unions, and other creditors to inform consumers on the costs of buying on credit, including total charges and the rate of interest on unpaid balances. This is an example of which type or class of public policy? a. resource allocative b. resource extractive c. regulatory d. internal organization and management 21. Once every ten years (subsequent to the decennial census), the 450 seats in the United States House of Representatives are reapportioned to reflect population shifts. Legislatures in each of the 50 states redraw congressional district lines (within their states) so that each district contains (roughly) the same number of people. As a result of the 1990 census, the number of representatives allotted to Texas increased from 28 to 30. The Texas legislature last redrew district lines in 1991 to account for this change. Redrawing congressional district lines by state legislatures is an example of which type or class of public policy? a. resource allocative b. resource extractive c. regulatory d. internal organization and management 22. In 1964, Congress passed the Employment Opportunity Act that established the Job Corps. This program provides intensive vocational training and basic education to youths from 14 to 21 years of age who are poor, out of school, and out of work. This is an example of which type or class of public policy? a. resource allocative b. resource extractive c. regulatory d. internal organization and management 23. The U.S. Department of Commerce requires that shrimpers operating in U.S. waters install “turtleexcluder devices” [TEDs] on their nets to reduce the number of sea turtles that are inadvertently killed in shrimp harvests. The Coast Guard randomly inspects shrimping boats and may impose fines on or impound the vessels of shrimpers who are not in compliance. This is an example of which type or class of public policy? a. resource allocative b. resource extractive c. regulatory d. internal organization and management 24. Under state law in Texas, voters may elect to establish special district governments called Crime Control and Prevention Districts to distribute sales tax revenues to municipal governments for the purposes of implementing law enforcement programs. In March 1995, voters in the City of Fort Worth established the first such district in the state. In October 1995, the Fort Worth Crime Control and Prevention District began funding anti-crime programs to be implemented by the City of Fort Worth Police Department. This is an example of which type or class of public policy? [HINT: the policy action in this case is the distribution of sales tax revenues from the Crime Control District to the Fort Worth Police Department.] a. resource allocative b. resource extractive c. regulatory d. internal organization and management 25. A condition that exists when a private market fails to capture all of the social costs associated with the production and consumption of a good or service is known as a. a negative externality. b. a positive externality. c. adverse selection. d. the free rider problem. 26. What policy responses might government attempt to counter the condition described in question #25? a. subsidize the good or service b. provide the good or service c. regulate the market d. all of the above 27. Which good or service is most likely to have associated with it the kind of condition described in #25? a. higher education b. childhood immunizations c. automobiles d. public libraries 28. Which of the following is an example of a pure public good/service? a. airplane travel b. an interstate highway c. higher education d. all of the above 29. A city council bans smoking in all public places in the city. Fines are levied against violators. Why has the city council enacted this policy? a. This is an example of adverse selection -- non-smokers are adversely affected by second-hand smoke. b. This is an example of government providing a public good -- it is doing what is good for the public. c. This is an example of a negative externality -- the market fails to capture all of the social costs associated with the production and consumption of cigarettes. d. none of the above. 52. Which of the following accurately describe American democracy? 1. procedural 2. representative 3. liberal 4. socialist 5. substantive a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1 and 2 c. 2, 3, 4, and 5 d. 3 only 53. The requirement that “citizens must participate in the political process” is characteristic of which theory of democracy? a. elite theory b. traditional democratic theory c. pluralist theory d. none of these 54. Which of the following variations of democracy places an emphasis on the existence of individual (and minority) rights even at the expense of majority rule? a. liberal democracy b. traditional democracy c. procedural democracy d. egalitarian democracy 55. The concept of INITIATIVE is a. a way to remove a public official from office before the end of his or her elected term. b. A procedure used in Congress to prevent the passage of a bill by “talking the bill to death.” c. Provided by the Bill of Rights. d. A procedure whereby voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment within a state. 56. An act of referring legislative or constitutional measures to the voters for their approval or disapproval is called a. an initiative election. b. a referendum election. c. a recall election. d. a plebiscite. 57. The concept of DIRECT DEMOCRACY a. is included in the Bill of Rights. b. is not provided for in the structures of the national government. c. was attempted for the first time in the colony of Maine. d. has been used at the national government level only once, when Bill Clinton was impeached. 58. According to the Dye text, balancing the principle of majority rule against the principle of individual liberty is known as a. a dilemma of great magnitude. b. an episode of democratic crisis. c. the paradox of democracy. d. a paradox of government. 59. Pluralist and elite theories agree on which of the following propositions? a. The only real basis for political power is economic power. b. All social groups in the United States have some impact on policy-making. c. The traditional democratic ideal that all citizens are politically equal is NOT a very realistic reflection of the American system. d. Virtually anyone can step into politics and have at least some political influence. 60. The pluralist theory of democracy 1. is basically the same as traditional democratic theory in its assumptions about the role of citizens in the political process. 2. sees democracy as operating through competition among groups. 3. suggests that there are several types of political resources that may be effective in influencing public policy. 4. argues that the only meaningful political resource is money. 5. views public policy as a balance or equilibrium among competing group interests. a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 5 c. 2, 3, and 5 d. 1 only 61. Which of the following theories argues that political power is held by a relatively small group of people whose main source of political power is economic power [wealth]? a. elitism b. pluralism c. majoritarianism d. substantive democracy 62. With regard to policy change, elite theory holds that a. changes in policy never occur. b. changes in policy will occur only when the masses force the power elite to alter the status quo. c. changes in policy occur only as a result of the elite redefining their own values and interests. d. changes in policy narrow the gap between the elite and the masses. 63. Which of the following tends to emphasize policy outcomes? a. traditional democratic theory b. pluralist theory c. procedural democracy d. elite theory 64. Which of the following tends to emphasize policy process? a. substantive democracy b. pluralist theory c. majoritarian democracy d. elite theory 3. To say that authority is legitimate is to a. suggest an obligation to comply with decisions. b. Imply that the ruler has not always been perceived as the legal power. c. Suggest that decisions are of little practical value. d. Imply that the person in power does not have the good of the public in mind when making important decisions. 5. The process that determines “who gets what, when, and how” is known as a. decision-making. b. political science. c. politics. d. paternalism. 6. Harold Laswell’s definition in question #5 implies that a. people are in conflict over valued things in society. b. societies have a set of procedures to resolve the question of “who gets what, when, and how.” c. individuals are anti-social. d. both a and b. 9. Pluralist and elite theories agree on which of the following propositions? a. The only real basis for political power is economic power. b. All social groups in the United States have some impact on policy-making. c. The traditional democratic ideal that all citizens are politically equal is NOT a very realistic reflection of the American system. d. Virtually anyone can step into politics and have at least some political influence. 10. The pluralist theory of democracy 1. is basically the same as traditional democratic theory in its assumptions about the role of citizens in the political process. 2. sees democracy as operating through competition among groups. 3. suggests that there are several types of political resources which may be effective in influencing public policy. 4. argues that the only meaningful political resource is money. 5. views public policy as a balance or equilibrium among competing group interests. a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 5 c. 2, 3, and 5 d. 1 only 11. Which of the following theories argues that political power is held by a relatively small group of people whose main source of political power is economic power [wealth]? a. elitism b. pluralism c. majoritarianism d. substantive democracy 12. With regard to policy change, elite theory holds that a. changes in policy never occur. b. changes in policy will occur only when the masses force the power elite to alter the status quo. c. changes in policy occur only as a result of the elite redefining their own values and interests. d. changes in policy narrow the gap between the elite and the masses. 13. Which of the following tends to emphasize policy outcomes? a. traditional democratic theory b. pluralist theory c. procedural democracy d. elite theory 14. Which of the following tends to emphasize policy process? a. substantive democracy b. pluralist theory c. majoritarian democracy d. elite theory 15. Which of the following accurately describe American democracy? 1. procedural 2. representative 3. liberal 4. socialist 5. substantive a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1 and 2 c. 2, 3, 4, and 5 d. 3 only 16. The process by which citizens propose legislation is called a. ratification. b. amendment. c. initiative. d. referendum. 17. James Madison indicated in the FEDERALIST PAPERS that pure (direct) democracy a. could deteriorate into mob rule. b. is a style of government for noble men and elites. c. prevents the majority from depriving the rights of the minority. d. none of these. 18. The requirement that “citizens must participate in the political process” is characteristic of which theory of democracy? a. elite theory b. traditional democratic theory c. pluralist theory d. none of these 19. Which of the following variations of democracy places an emphasis on the existence of individual (and minority) rights even at the expense of majority rule? a. liberal democracy b. traditional democracy c. procedural democracy d. egalitarian democracy 29. The concept of INITIATIVE is e. a way to remove a public official from office before the end of his or her elected term. f. A procedure used in Congress to prevent the passage of a bill by “talking the bill to death.” g. Provided by the Bill of Rights. h. A procedure whereby voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment within a state. 30. An act of referring legislative or constitutional measures to the voters for their approval or disapproval is called b. an initiative election. c. A referendum election. d. A recall election. e. A plebiscite. 31. According to the authors of your AMERICAN GOVERNMENT text, for many centuries, any form of democracy was considered a. dangerous and unstable. b. The only legitimate form of government. c. The major obstacle that prevented mass spread of communism. d. The best form of government that man could devise. 32. The concept of DIRECT DEMOCRACY e. is included in the Bill of Rights. f. Is not provided for in the structures of the national government. g. Was attempted for the first time in the colony of Maine. h. Has been used at the national government level only once, when Andrew Johnson was impeached.
