Urban Freight Transport, Logistics
and ITS
Dr Russell G. Thompson
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
rgthom@unimelb.edu.au
Outline
Sustainability
Intelligent Freight Systems
City Logistics
Urban consolidation centres
e-Commerce (B2C)
Product Swaps
Container Management
Co-opetition
Next Generation Urban Freight Infrastructure
“We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors;
we borrow it from our children”
from a Mexican Poster
(M.R. Reuter, 2003)
Sustainable Cities
Freight systems affect the economic
prosperity & liveability of cities
Prosperity and liveability are related
Both are vital for sustainability
Urban Freight Problems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Noise
Emissions (Particulates & GHG)
Congestion
Crashes
Vibration
Energy consumption
Visual intrusion
ITS can reduce these problems by reducing the
amount of truck travel in cities…
Intelligence
• Analysing
- sensing & analysing environment
- detecting changes, perceiving problems
• Making decisions
- acting rationally, choosing options to solve
problems
• Learning
- using experience to make improvements:
identifying new problems & decision making
Intelligent Freight Systems
Those that are:
Clever
- successful in copy with new situations &
solving problems
Alert
- fast in perceiving & understanding problems &
finding answers to challenges
ITS key elements
• Intelligence
- gaining knowledge (data collection &
information processing)
• Integration
– connecting & co-ordinating key
elements
Urban Freight
Is a derived demand
Primary drivers are from processes associated
with management of inventory such as
manufacturing & retailing
City Logistics
City Logistics is an integrated approach for
urban goods distribution based on the
systems approach. It promotes innovative
schemes that reduce the total cost (including
economic, social and environmental) of goods
movement within cities
OECD, (2003) Delivering the Goods,
Challenges for the 21st Century, Paris.
City Logistics
City Logistics is an integrated approach for
urban goods distribution based on the
systems approach. It promotes innovative
schemes that reduce the total cost (including
economic, social and environmental) of goods
movement within cities
OECD, (2003) Delivering the Goods,
Challenges for the 21st Century, Paris.
City Logistics is the process for totally optimising
the logistics and transport activities by private
companies with the support of advanced
information systems in urban areas considering
the traffic environment, its congestion, safety and
energy savings within the framework of a market
economy
Taniguchi, Thompson & Yamada, 2001
City Logistics Schemes
Public Logistics Terminals
Co-operative Freight Systems
Access Regulations
Advanced Vehicle Routing & Scheduling
Systems (CVRSS)
Intelligent Transport Systems are crucial for these
schemes to be successfully implemented…
Sustainability
Mobility
Global competitiveness
Efficiency　Environment friendliness　Congestion alleviation　Security　Structure
of visions
for city
logistics
Safety　Energy conservation　Labour force　Liveability
Institute for City Logistics
Est. 1999
Aim: to promote City Logistics
esp. modelling, evaluation & data collection
Activities
• International Conferences
6th Int. Conf. June 2008 in Puerto Vallarta
• Workshops
• Newsletters
• Collaborative Research
www.citylogistics.org
Multiple UCC
Kolher & Groke, 2004
1 UCC with Pick-up Points (Kassel)
Kolher & Groke, 2004
ITS to support Urban Consolidation
Centres & Co-operative Freight Systems
Dynamic & integrated
Order Processing
Vehicle Routing & Scheduling
Load Planning
Transhipment
Track & Trace
Eg. Centre for Eco-Friendly Distribution, Lucca, Italy
(Di Bugno et al, 5th Int. City Logistics Conference, Crete,
2007)
B2C Food Items
Household
Characteristics
Density
Population
Trip Frequency
Load
Area
Customers
Home Deliveries
Market Share
Shop Sales
Delivery Fleet
Characteristics
Distribution Fleet
Characteristics
VRS Deliveries
VRS Distribution
Time Windows
Distance
Travelled
Single Urban DC
DC
low
density
medium
density
stores
Regional DC’s
VKT with 1 distribution centre
Suppliers to distribution centre
Distribution to stores
Stores and homes (customers)
Deliveries to homes
Total
Increase (%)
Internet
0%
481.1
458.5
24037
0
24977
Sales
5%
481.1
458.5
22835.3
2805.9
26580.9
6.4
10%
481.1
426.9
21633
6346.2
28888
15.7
VKT with regional distribution centres
Suppliers to distribution centre
Distribution to stores
Stores and homes (customers)
Deliveries to homes from RDC’s
Distribution to RDC’s from MDC
Total
Change (%)
Internet Sales
0%
5%
481.1
481.1
458.5
458.5
24037
22835.3
0
1077.1
0
214.8
24977
25066.8
0.4
10%
481.1
426.9
21633
1841.5
214.8
24598
-1.5
Product Swaps
Distribute 500kg between each site
Vehicle capacity = 2000kg
Each site ≥ 1 vehicle
Transhipment possible at each site
Based on distributing electrical goods between retail
shops in Melbourne
Concept could be applied to multiple carriers,
horizontal collaboration (Fischer et al, 1995)
2
3
4
1
5
4 5 vehicles no transhipment
2
3
4
1
5
4 4 vehicles pickups at store w/o vehicle
2
3
4
1
5
4 4 vehicles with transhipment at stores
2
3
4
1
5
4 4 vehicles with transhipment at common location
Distance Travelled (km)
Network Analysis
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
5 veh.
4 veh. Good
Configuation
4 veh. Opt
4 veh. Trans
ITS for Product Swaps
• Determining nodes for swaps
• Coordinating arrivals and departures of
vehicles
• Load planning
• Determining nodes that vehicles need to
visit
Cycle of Container Handling
Loaded Container
(Import)
Marine
Terminal
&
Container Park
Empty pick-up
Local Importer
Empty Running
Local
Exporter
Empty return
Loaded Container
(Export)
Port
Container
Park
Exporter
Importer
Current Container Movements
Port
Exporter
Importer
Movements with Triangulation
Co-opetition
Sharing vehicles, warehouses & distribution
centres
Increase load factors & decrease dead
running
All schemes require ITS for successful
implementation
Collaborative Distribution
• Shared storage location(s)
• Networks restructured using advanced
vehicle routing & scheduling systems
• Distribution to outlets by areas & priority
• Substantial savings in transport costs (2030%)
• Significant reduction in environmental &
social costs
Next Generation
Urban Freight Infrastructure
Intelligent Freight Systems using ITS
–
–
–
–
–
Vehicle routing & scheduling systems
Auction systems (portals)
Information Systems (eg. travel time & reliability)
Track &Trace Systems
Monitoring (eg. AVL)
Necessary to support Public Logistics Terminals
& Intermodal Freight Terminals
Common information platform in PublicPrivate Partnerships
Administrators
VICS
Traffic management
server
Traffic management
server
Decision making
system
Decision making
system
VICS
Real time
traffic information
Freight
carriers
Freight
information
Company A
Freight management
Server
Company B
Freight management
Server
Company C
Freight management
Server
Decision making
system
Decision making
system
Decision making
system
Other Initiatives
•
•
•
•
•
In-vehicle systems
Advanced vehicle routing & scheduling
e-Commerce
Auction and matching systems
Compliance monitoring systems
Urban Freight Transport, Logistics
and ITS
Dr Russell G. Thompson
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
rgthom@unimelb.edu.au