CHORDATES
ORGANISM
Phylum:
Urochordata
TUNICATES
Phylum:
Cephalochordata
LANCELETS
amphioxus
INTEGUMENTARY
(BODY COVERING)
RESPIRATORY
CIRCULATORY
REPRODUCTIVE
Sexually: Hermaphroditic,
live young
Asexually by budding
epidermous
diffusion
diffusion
LOCOMOTION /
Skeletal
(appendages paired?,
modified?)
No head
No brain
Adults ___-motile/
No vertebrae,
notochord disappears
Both sexes. External
fertilization.
epidermous
NOTES:
Thermoregulation
Nervous System
Behavioral
Cephalization =
headedness.
Tiny brain
PHYLUM: CRANIATA = chordates with heads,
Vertebrae, single, hollow nerve cord becomes the brain and spinal cord, skull, cartilaginous notochord present, may be replaced by bony vertebral column; gill slits
present at some developmental stage, may grow shut or become other structures.
Little known,
Hagfish: 4 hearts, 2
JAWLESS FISH
Both sexes, hagfish may be
__________ thermic
Gills, gill
brains
(Class:
hermaphroditic, can have
Cartilaginous, no true
Defensive strategies
pouches
Cyclostomata)
Smooth epidermal cells
100:1 female to male
jaws or paired
include:
rather than
“circular mouth”
rations. Females lay 1-2
appendages
gill slits
two-chambered heart
Hagfish & Lampey
yolky eggs which stick
Eye spots can ?
together in clusters.
CARTILAGINOUS
FISH
(Class:
Chondricthyes)
sharks, rays,
skates
Bony or
Ray-finned fish
(Class:
Osteichthyes)
Eel, trout
AMPHIBIANS
(Class: Amphibia)
frog, salamander,
caecilian.
Tough, leathery skin has
placoid scales which
reduces drag in water.
____ slits
and _____
___-chambered heart
Diverse. Both sexes,
claspers for mating, longterm internal sperm storage,
egg cases, no parental
care, intra-uterine
embryonic cannibalism
Scales (skeletal elements)
Gills, Gill
slits covered
by ?
Lungderived
swim ?
_____-chambered
heart
Both sexes,
Sea horses ?
Lining of
_______,
_______,
Lungs/
larval gills
____-chambered
heart: __ atria,
__ ventricle
Both sexes, some species
can change sex with density
Amplexus, external
fertilization
__________ skin
________ appendages /
Cartilaginous, true ____
__________ thermic
__________ thermic
___________ line
*Two pairs of limbs/ Bony
skeleton
*? exception?
__________ thermic
Tongue _________
________________
CHORDATES (cont’d)
RESPIRATORY
CIRCULATORY
REPRODUCTIVE
LOCOMOTION /
Skeletal
(appendages paired?,
modified?)
NOTES
Thermoregulation
Nervous System
Behavioral
Dry, scaly skin: overlapping
folds of keratinized skin with
waxy covering, hinged on
one end.
?
Incompletely divided
____chambered heart:
__ atria, incompletely
divided ventricle
Both sexes
Leathery shelled eggs,
internal fertilization.
Egg incubation temp cues
path of sexual development.
___ pairs of limbs, Bony
skeleton
_______thermic
Scales modified as ______,
preen gland produces oil
3 types: contour,
filoplumes, down
?
____-chambered
heart
Both sexes,
Hard-shelled eggs, *males
have no external genitalia
(*turkeys, ostriches)
Forelimbs modified as
_______. Bony skeleton,
hollow, lightweight bones,
__________ thermic
____ skeleton, ____ pairs
limbs with variations
(modified into wings,
flippers. Digits may be
reduced in number)
__________ thermic
INTEGUMENTARY
(BODY COVERING)
ORGANISM
REPTILES (Class:
Reptilia)
Turtle, alligator,
cameleon
BIRDS
(Class: Aves)
“”
ostrich, owl,
pelican, prairie
chicken
MAMMALS (Class: Mammalia): hair and mammary glands
Mammals
(Class: Mammalia)
general
characteristics
echidna, kanfaroo,
armadillo
Scales modified as _____.
?
____-chambered
heart
__________ glands in
females secrete milk for
young
Order: Monotremata
platypus, echidna
Order: Marsupial
Opossum, koala
Order: Placental
(Eutherians)
Human, dogs,deer
Lay eggs,
Mammary glands similar to sweat glands
Only poisonous mammal, spur on hind limbs.
Young born as embryo, move to pouch with mammary
glands, to complete development.
Placental membranes homologous to amniotic egg
of reptile.