Honors Biology
Ch. 8 Objectives
Mitosis and Meiosis
Opening Essay
Describe the life-cycle phases of a multicellular organism. Explain how asexual reproduction can be used to save a
plant species from extinction.
Connections Between Cell Division and Reproduction
8.1 Compare the parent-offspring relationship in asexual and sexual reproduction.
8.2 Explain why cell division is essential for eukaryotic and prokaryotic life.
8.3 Explain how daughter prokaryotic chromosomes are separated from each other during binary fission.
The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Mitosis
8.3–8.4 Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes.
8.5 Describe the stages of the cell cycle. Identify when DNA is replicated, chromosomes are sorted, and two new
cells are formed.
8.6 List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase. Recognize the phases of
mitosis from diagrams and micrographs.
8.7 Compare cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.
8.8–8.9 Explain how anchorage, cell density, and growth factors control cell division.
8.10 Explain how cancerous cells are different from healthy cells. Distinguish between benign and malignant tumors
and explain the strategies behind some common cancer treatments.
8.11 Describe the functions of mitosis as growth, maintenance, repair and asexual reproduction.
Meiosis and Crossing Over
8.12 Explain how chromosomes are paired. Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
8.13 Distinguish between somatic cells (body cells) and gametes (sex cells) and between diploid cells and haploid cells.
8.12,13 Distinguish between sex chromosomes and sex cells; autosomes and somatic cells! Which chromosomes are in
which cells?
8.14 List the phases of meiosis I and meiosis II and describe the events characteristic of each phase.
Recognize the phases of meiosis from diagrams and micrographs.
8.15 Describe the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explain how the result of meiosis differs
from the result of mitosis.
8.16–8.18 Explain how independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I, random fertilization, and crossing
over during prophase I of meiosis contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
Alterations of Chromosome Number and Structure
8.19 Explain how and why karyotyping is performed.
8.20 Describe the causes and symptoms of Down syndrome.
8.21 Define nondisjunction, explain how it can occur, and describe what can result.
8.22 Describe the consequences of abnormal numbers of sex chromosomes.
8.23 Explain how new species form from errors in cell division.
8.24 Describe the main types of chromosomal changes. Explain why cancer is not usually inherited.
Key Terms
anaphase
anchorage dependence
asexual reproduction
autosome
benign tumor
binary fission
carcinoma
cell cycle
cell cycle control system
cell division
cell plate
centromere
centrosome
chiasma (plural, chiasmata)
chromatin
chromosome
cleavage
cleavage furrow
crossing over
cytokinesis
Mrs. Loyd 
cloyd@waukee.k12.ia.us
deletion
density-dependent inhibition
diploid cell
Down syndrome
duplication
fertilization
gamete
genetic recombination
genome
growth factor
haploid cell
homologous chromosomes
interphase
inversion
karyotype
leukemia
life cycle
locus (plural, loci)
lymphoma
malignant tumor
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meiosis
metastasis
mitotic phase (M phase)
mitotic spindle
mitosis
nondisjunction
prometaphase
prophase
sarcoma
sex chromosome
sexual reproduction
sister chromatid
somatic cell
telophase
tetrad
translocation
trisomy 21
tumor
zygote
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Student Media
Connections Between Cell Division and Reproduction
The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Mitosis
BioFlix: Mitosis (8.5)
MP3 Tutor: MP3 Tutor: Mitosis (8.5)
Activity: The Cell Cycle (8.5)
Activity: Mitosis and Cytokinesis Video (8.7)
Process of Science: How Much Time Do Cells Spend in Each Phase of Mitosis? (8.6)
Discovery Channel Video Clip: Fighting Cancer (8.1)
Discovery Channel Video Clip: Cells (8.2)
Video: Animal Mitosis (Time-Lapse) (8.6)
Video: Hydra Budding (8.11)
BLAST Animation: Cytokinesis in Plants (8.7)
Meiosis and Crossing Over
BioFlix: Meiosis (8.14)
MP3 Tutor: Meiosis (8.14)
MP3 Tutor: Mitosis-Meiosis Comparison (8.15)
Activity: Asexual and Sexual Life Cycles (8.13)
Activity: Origins of Genetic Variation (8.18)
Process of Science: How is Crossing Over Measured in the Fungus Sordaria? (8.18)
BLAST Animation: Genetic Variation: Fusion of Gametes (8.16)
Mrs. Loyd 
cloyd@waukee.k12.ia.us
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