Adaptations to Photosynthesis
1.
2.
Well-adapted to temperate
conditions
Most efficient pathway in
conditions favoring
photorespiration.
3.
Found world-wide
4.
Many desert plants
5.
Trees and flowers, rice, wheat,
soybeans
22. Malic acid (4C) stored in
vacuoles of the cell at night
23. Store CO2 in organic acids
during the night and release it
during the day.
24. Under ideal, temperate
conditions, this is most energy
efficient.
25. Light reactions are the same
26. Calvin cycle is the same
6.
Pineapple, agave
27. Creates a lower CO2
concentration in the leaf.
7.
Corn, sugarcane
28. Smaller openings at guard cells,
reducing water loss.
8.
Cacti, orchids and ferns
29. Chloroplasts scattered
throughout mesophyll
9.
Uses less energy than it makes
30. Chloroplasts concentrated in the
vascular bundles.
10. RuBP accepts CO2 using
Rubisco  3-PGA. *Rubisco is
probably the most abundant
protein on Earth.
11. Phosphoenolpyruvate, 3C,
accepts CO2 using PEP
carboxylase + ATP  4-C
organic acids
31. Chloroplasts highly concentrated
in the uppermost palisade cells.
32. Uses active transport to move
CO2 into chloroplasts.
33. Closes stomata during hot, dry,
bright days.
12. 3-phosphoglycerate, 3C
34. Closes stomata at night.
13. Oxaloacetate, 4C
35. Opens stomata at night
14. Crassulacean acid metabolism.
36. Recycles NADP+/NADPH
15. Comparable leaf anatomy
37. Recycles ADP/ATP
16. ATP used to fix CO2 prior to
Calvin Cycle.
17. Photorespiration drains as much
as 50% of the carbon fixed by
the Calvin cycle.
38. Photorespiration eliminated by
concentrating CO2 in cytoplasm
of mesophyll and keeping it low
in the leaf.
39. Spacial adaptation
18. CO2 Fixed in cytoplasm
40. Temporal adaptation
19. CO2 Fixed in chloroplast
41. Most water efficient
20. 4-C compounds used to fix CO2
to avoid photorespiration
42. Slowest and most inefficient in
converting sun’s energy into
glucose.
43. Produces high-energy organic
molecules by chemosynthesis
21. CO2 enters cells by diffusion
from the stoma
Mrs. Loyd
Page 1 of 2
7/12/2016
C4
None
C3
CAM
C4
None
C3
CAM
Use Campbell’s Biology 7/e, Ch. 10 and the online activity for 10.4 to check the box under each type of
photosynthesis that is accurately described by each numbered entry.