Chapter 23 Practice Quiz Answers
1. B: Fourier and Blanc were socialists, not romantics. They, like Mazzini, were contemporaneous with
romanticism. Voltaire defended the use of reason as the chief salvation of mankind. It was Rousseau, who had
rejected reason in favor of emotionality and passion, who fathered romanticism.
2. E: The romantics rejected the Enlightenment and longed for the Middle Age in which they imagined, in
novels like those of Walter Scott, heroes were brave and passion were unfurled. They were often wrapped up
in politics and were fascinated by the popular culture of their nations.
3. B: It was chiefly the British and French whose support helped the Greeks. Romania was not yet
independent, and Prussia was hardly involved. Russia sent a navy but not troops.
4. D: Poland was restored but only under Russian authority. France was treated quite leniently, even after the
Hundred Days. England had not asked for nor was granted any lands on the continent; it was mostly interested
in expanding its overseas empire. Prussia was given enlarged areas of the Rhineland. The congress was
committed to the idea of legitimacy and restored the monarchs who had been on the throne before Napoleon,
even when the people many have wanted a change.
5. C: Louis XVIII appointed moderates as ministers and resisted the demands of the nobility to restore
absolutism, As the suffrage was extremely limited, the king remained substantial in power.
6. A: The cause of the 1830 revolution was the attempt of Charles X to restore absolutism. The national
workshops and the issue of slavery were important in 1848.
7. B: Only in France was a specific socialist issue crucial- the national workshops. In Hungary, the chief issue
was not nationalism. In Prussia and Austria, workers took to the streets to support demands for liberal
constitutions. England escaped revolution completely in 1848.
8. B: The Great Reform Bill gave the liberal bourgeoisie much greater representation in the House of
Commons, and it was they who enacted the repeal of the Corn Laws, much to the distress of the aristocracy.
The working class supported the repeal since it would lower bread prices. It was passed in part to relieve
conditions in England. The repeal of the Corn Laws began a period of free trade.
9. E: The mostly middle-class Frankfurt Assembly dealt effectively with the Schleswig-Holstein issue but failed
to convince Frederick William IV to accept the constitution they had wrote.
10.B: During the “June Days,” Parisian workers battle the French army and lost. This incident remains famous
because of the intensity of violence, the large numbers of workers’ lives lost, and the hostility between the
classes it represented.
11.C: The Hungarian revolt was crushed by Russian troops aiding the Austrian emperor. The ascension of Franz
Joseph calmed things down in Vienna but not for Budapest.
12.D: The revolutionaries in the Austrian and Prussian kingdoms aimed at liberal constitutions. Both kings at
first felt forced to grant the constitutions because of the widespread popular protests, but they both reneged
on those promises once they had taken back control of their capital cities.
13.C: Marxists accepted the labor theory of value and argue that all history is about class struggle, However,
they believe that some individuals can rise above their own class backgrounds to play important roles in the
revolution.
14.B: Marx and Engels would most agree with Proudhon who, although an anarchist rather than a socialist,
argued that private property is theft and has no legitimacy. George Sand was a romantic novelist, Jules
Michelet was a nationalist and liberal historian, Fourier focused on free love and had little interest in industrial
society, and Saint-Simon defended the leadership of the technocratic elite, while Marx and Engels would want
workers in control.