Name:
Introduction to WWII: 1939-1945
Objective
Following the lesson, SWBAT…
Rise of dictatorships:
Dictatorship:
After ___________________________________ Russia became 1 st
Communist state (Soviet Union)
_____________________ established a brutal totalitarian dictatorship
New political parties like the Italian fascists and German National Socialists (Nazis) took advantage
In ________________, Benito Mussolini developed the Fascist party
Nazi leader ____________________ established dictatorship in Germany
The United States
Isolationism:
2 presidents during WWII:
1.
2.
Failure of the League of Nations
League of Nations too weak to resist new dictators
Idea of collective security:

Failed when U.S. & USSR did not join

Germany/Japan left League of Nations in _____________

Appeasement Fails: _______________________________
Appeasement:
Hitler:

Annexed Austria in 1938

Demanded Sudetenland (_____________________________________________________________)
1938- ______________________________ – British and French leaders (w/o consulting Czechs) agree to give
Hitler part of Czechoslovakia to avoid war
German invasion of Poland

Germany invaded Poland in September __________

______________________ declare war on Germany
America preserves a cautious neutrality
 _________________________________ (1935-1937): prohibited Americans from traveling on the ships of nations at war & were prohibited from selling arms to countries at war
 Americas could sell non-military goods to Britain and other nations opposed to aggression, but on a
“______________________________” basis
 FDR delivered his ________________________________________________: told America that peaceful nations need to stick together to quarantine aggressive nations
American Actions
 Group of American volunteer fighter pilots, known as _______________________________ were recruited to send supplies & engage in combat with Japanese pilots

Destroyed almost 300 Japanese aircraft
 FDR ran for an unprecedented 3 rd term
 FDR proposed ______________________________: allowing U.S. to sell, lease, or lend war materials to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the U.S.”
 Roosevelt encouraged a world based on “_______________________________”:
Freedom…
 FDR met with British Prime Minister ___________________________________________, announcing that their countries sought no territorial gains, freedom of the seas, & an end to war

They signed the ______________________________ (laying foundation for United Nations)

Americans at War
The Home Front
Paying for the War
To raise money for war, the gov’t issued ____________________________________
Reduced the amount of currency in the economy
Illustrated high level of __________________________________ during the war – willingness of millions of
Americans to help the war effort
Industrial Production and Rationing

Americans had to _____________________: regulating the amount of goods a consumer could obtain
________________________________ were issued to each family, based on the size. Rationed essential goods like _________________________

Draft & industrial production brought an end to high unemployment from Great Depression

Americans planted ____________________________: vegetable gardens that helped to make sure there was an adequate foods supply for troops & civilians
The Office of War Information

1942- President created the ____________________________________ created pro-Allied, anti-Axis propaganda to make citizens more aware

Required all movies produced during the war contribute in some way to war effort

OWI started the _____________________________ during the war, sending messages overseas
Women in the Work Force

Women joined _______________________________________: after training, women took clerical jobs in the military

Women filled jobs formerly held by men

Between 1941 and 1945, more than_______________________ women entered the work force
African Americans In WWII

African American soldiers played a significant role in WWII

More than _______________________registered for the draft

Forced to serve in segregated units

___________________________: African-American fighter group in the Air Corps

Main job was to help on bombing missions

Native Americans In WWII

Native Americans enlisted for military service in higher proportions than any other minority group

More than ______________________ served in combat

Nearly ___________________________ Native American men and women left their reservations for the 1st time to work in defense industries
Mexican Americans In WWII

Served in army & navy

However, continued to face segregated housing, high unemployment, and low wages
Forced Relocation of Japanese Americans

1942- FDR issued ________________________________________: permitted military commanders to require Japanese Americans to relocate to interior internment camps away from Western coastal regions

Camps provided crowded and primitive living conditions

Forced Relocation of Japanese Americans

FDR justified it as military necessity
Korematsu vs. U.S.

Korematsu was a Japanese American convicted of continuing to remain in a restricted area
 Supreme Court upheld FDR’s order on the grounds that
___________________________________________________________

5 years later, Congress apologized to interned Japanese Americans and voted to pay compensation to the families involved

Increasing U.S.-Japanese Tensions

Japan occupied southern Indochina in 1941

_________________________________ responded by cutting off trade w/ Japan
Pearl Harbor: “A Date Which Will Live In Infamy”

On _________________________________ 2 waves of Japanese airplanes attacked the U.S. Pacific fleet stationed in ______________________ Hawaii
 “_____________________________” ideas change nearly overnight
The U.S. Gets Involved in War

4 days later, Germany & Italy (______________________________), declared war on U.S.

Americans were now engaged in a ______________________ war – ____________________________
The Bataan Death March, 1942

______________________________ faced an invasion by Japanese after Pearl Harbor

1 month later, U.S. and Philippine forces surrendered to Japanese

Japanese forced prisoners to undertake a 60 mile march through the jungle known as
____________________________________

About _____________________ of the Americans died along the way
The War Turns Against Japan

U.S. gained naval superiority over Japan by ___________________________________: liberating
Pacific islands from Japanese control one island at a time

__________________________: Navajo language was used to speak in a language the Japanese could not decipher

__________________________: turning point of war in the Pacific

o Japanese Pacific fleet commander devised a plan to lure the U.S. Pacific fleet into a battle near
Midway (tiny Pacific island) o U.S. deciphered Japanese secret codes & knew about plan before the attack

U.S. Army in Pacific was under __________________________________ o Americans took Philippines and Guam

Throughout war, _________________________ acted as Chief of Staff o Helped to supply army of 8 million men and oversee creation of the first atomic bomb
The Atomic Bomb

1939- ______________________ sent a letter to FDR telling him Germany may be developing an atomic bomb

1942- FDR sent American scientists to _____________________ to develop and explode the World’s
1 st _____________________ (this is called _________________________) (1945)
 Meanwhile… FDR who had been elected for the 4 th
time, died of a heart attack in April 1945, just before Germany surrendered (__________________________ becomes president)
Decision to Drop the Bomb

_________________________ feared an invasion of Japan would lead to a million American casualties

Truman wanted to use the _____________________________ against Japan rather than sustain high losses

__________________- atomic bomb exploded over ____________________. 3 days later, one explodes over _____________________

Japan surrendered shortly after

WWII In Europe
The War in Europe
 Nazis were in control of most of Europe and North Africa
 Invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 & declared war on the U.S. before defeating Britain
The Campaign in Africa and Italy
 1942- Allied troops landed in North Africa
 After defeating German forces, they crossed the Mediterranean and advanced into Italy in 1943
 ________________________: one of the commanders to invade North Africa & Sicily
 Popular due to high survival rates, but was harsh
Allies Invade France & Germany
 June 6, 1944 – ________________:
 troops under command of General _______________________ began invasion by landing at 5 beaches on the northwest coast of France at _________________________
 thousands of Allied troops landed at the beaches of Normandy
The Allies Invade
 After the landing, Allies move eastward liberating Paris in August 1944
 Germans attacked Allies in _______________________ in December 1944
 Large death toll
 Major victory for the Allies
 American, British, & French led invasion from the west, Soviets entered from the east
 May 1945- Soviets captured Berlin
 Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered
 ______________________________: one of 1 st
African-American soldiers to see combat in the war
 52 years later, President Clinton finally awarded Baker highest praise – Medal of Honor
The Holocaust
 ___________________: effort to murder an entire people or nationality
 _____________________: Anti-Jewish sentiment
 ________________________: attempted genocide of Jewish people during WWII

 Hitler’s Final Solution: plan to rid Europe of Jewish people
 Nazis also targeted minority groups, the disabled, homosexuals, etc.
 Nazis built large concentration camps around Europe
 6 million Jewish people (2/3 of those living in Europe) were killed
 11 million people were killed in all
 Liberation of Camps: Allies advanced into Germany and liberated concentration camps
Legacy of WWII
 ________________________________________: Allies put surviving Nazi leaders on trial for “crimes against humanity” in Nuremberg, Germany
 Most hanged or imprisoned
 “_______________________________” and the division of Germany: After war, Germany divided into
4 zones by U.S., Britain, France, & Soviet Union, each occupying one zone
 Occupation of Japan: ___________________________ assigned task of rebuilding Japan
 Overseas empire taken away
 Military leaders punished
 Japan renounced use of nuclear weapons and waging war
 Given new Constitution in 1947, establishing a democracy