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Physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Henrik Watz, Benjamin Waschki, Thorsten Meyer, and Helgo Magnussen
TABLE E1. Medical history of comorbidities*
Total
Chronic bronchitis
GOLD I
GOLD II
GOLD III
GOLD IV
Arterial hypertension†
107 (56)
17 (59)
20 (59)
28 (54)
20 (49)
22 (61)
History of coronary heart disease
24 (13)
4 (14)
5 (15)
4 (8)
5 (12)
6 (17)
History of chronic heart failure
32 (17)
2 (7)
3 (9)
6 (12)
5 (12)
16 (44)
History of osteoporosis
27 (14)
2 (7)
2 (6)
4 (8)
5 (12)
14 (39)
History of arthritis, lower limb
29 (15)
4 (14)
5 (15)
13 (25)
3 (7)
4 (11)
History of diabetes mellitus
19 (10)
0 (0)
4 (12)
5 (10)
4 (10)
6 (17)
* Values are expressed as n (%) of patients with the indicated parameter or history.
† Arterial hypertension was defined as treatment of arterial hypertension and/or systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg.
Definition of abbreviation: GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
TABLE E2A. Mean steps per day and mean steps of all days (n = 192)
Total
Chronic bronchitis
GOLD I
GOLD II
GOLD III
GOLD IV
weekday–1
7,027 (4,703)
10,289 (5,053)
9,470 (4,004)
8,031 (4,219)
5,149 (3,778)
2,782 (2,035)
weekday–2
6,590 (4,438)
9,083 (5,417)
8,081 (4,144)
7,674 (3,619)
5,410 (3,995)
2,949 (2,485)
weekday–3
6,603 (4,465)
9,333 (4,930)
8,277 (4,394)
7,423 (3,873)
5,401 (4,101)
3,010 (2,276)
Saturday
6,475 (4,494)
9,779 (5,246)
7,889 (3,842)
7,150 (3,784)
5,335 (4,343)
2,801 (2,190)
Sunday
5,102 (3,799)†
7,065 (4,651)‡
6,084 (4,155)†
6,109 (3,471)†
3,960 (2,983)†
2,439 (1,734)
Mean of all days
6,359 (3,874)
9,110 (3,857)
7,960 (3,421)
7,277 (3,274)
5,051 (3,575)
2,796 (1,916)
<0.001
0.02
<0.001
<0.001
0.001
0.23
P Value*
Values are expressed as mean (SD).
* P value for the repeated measures ANOVA, effect across all days.
† P value for the repeated measures ANOVA <0.001, effect for Sunday versus the mean of the weekdays.
‡ P value for the repeated measures ANOVA <0.01, effect for Sunday versus the mean of the weekdays.
Definition of abbreviation: GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
TABLE E2B. Mean minutes > 3 METs per day and mean minutes > 3 METs of all days (n = 192)
Total
Chronic
bronchitis
GOLD I
GOLD II
GOLD III
GOLD IV
weekday–1
134 (110)
203 (120)
166 (99)
151 (111)
111 (93)
49 (57)
weekday–2
134 (109)
183 (119)
158 (96)
158 (110)
126 (103)
48 (59)
weekday–3
130 (106)
171 (96)
144 (95)
152 (123)
123 (94)
59 (75)
Saturday
127 (97)
169 (81)
155 (88)
144 (107)
114 (96)
58 (62)
Sunday
99 (95)†
120 (90)‡
110 (83)‡
131 (120)
74 (75)†
50 (59)
Mean of all days
125 (87)
169 (73)
147 (72)
147 (96)
110 (78)
53 (85)
<0.001
0.003
0.007
0.36
<0.001
0.29
P Value*
Values are expressed as mean (SD).
* P value for the repeated measures ANOVA, effect across all days.
† P value for the repeated measures ANOVA <0.001, effect for Sunday versus the mean of the weekdays.
‡ P value for the repeated measures ANOVA <0.01, effect for Sunday versus the mean of the weekdays.
Definition of abbreviation: GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
TABLE E2C. Mean physical activity level per day and mean physical activity level of all days (n = 192)
Total
Chronic bronchitis
GOLD I
GOLD II
GOLD III
GOLD IV
weekday–1
1.57 (0.37)
1.84 (0.49)
1.70 (0.32)
1.64 (0.31)
1.43 (0.26)
1.27 (0.18)
weekday–2
1.56 (0.35)
1.73 (0.41)
1.66 (0.30)
1.66 (0.32)
1.48 (0.31)
1.26 (0.17)
weekday–3
1.55 (0.35)
1.71 (0.35)
1.61 (0.28)
1.65 (0.41)
1.47 (0.27)
1.29 (0.21)
Saturday
1.54 (0.34)
1.71 (0.32)
1.67 (0.33)
1.61 (0.33)
1.46 (0.34)
1.29 (0.19)
Sunday
1.44 (0.30)†
1.52 (0.29)‡
1.52 (0.32)‡
1.55 (0.33)‡
1.33 (0.23)‡
1.25 (0.18)
Mean of all days
1.53 (0.29)
1.70 (0.28)
1.63 (0.25)
1.62 (0.28)
1.43 (0.24)
1.27 (0.17)
<0.001
0.001
0.007
0.06
0.001
0.19
P Value*
Values are expressed as mean (SD).
* P value for the repeated measures ANOVA, effect across all days.
† P value for the repeated measures ANOVA <0.001, effect for Sunday versus the mean of the weekdays.
‡ P value for the repeated measures ANOVA <0.01, effect for Sunday versus the mean of the weekdays.
Definition of abbreviation: GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Table E3. Single correlation coefficients between clinical characteristics and “best day” physical activity in patients with
COPD (n = 163)
Steps per day
Minutes of at least
moderate activity
Physical activity
level
– 0.60
– 0.45
– 0.52
6-minute walk test*
0.65
0.49
0.45
FEV1, % pred.*
0.50
0.32
0.40
MMRC
– 0.60
– 0.47
– 0.46
BODE score
– 0.64
– 0.44
– 0.50
GOLD stages
Correlations are indicated by Pearson correlations coefficients (FEV1 and 6-minute walk distance) and Spearman rank coefficients (GOLD stages, MMRC, and
BODE score). P values of every correlation < 0.001. Definition of abbreviations: GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV1 = forced
expiratory volume in 1 s; MMRC = modified medical research council dyspnoea scale; BODE = body mass index, airway obstruction, dyspnea, exercise capacity.
Figure E1A.
Mean steps per day of 6 days
20.000
r = 0.996; p < 0.001
16.000
12.000
8.000
4.000
0
0
4.000
8.000
12.000
16.000
Mean steps per day of 5 days
Figure E1B.
Mean minutes > 3 METs of 6 days
r = 0.993; p < 0.001
400
300
200
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
Mean minutes > 3 METs of 5 days
Figure E1C.
2.6
Mean physical activity levelof 6 days
r = 0.993; p < 0.001
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
Mean physical activity level of 5 days
2.6
Figure E2A.
r = 0.61; p < 0.001
18,000
16,000
Steps per day
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
500
600
700
6-minute walk distance (m)
Figure E2B.
400
r = 0.46; p < 0.001
350
Minutes > 3 METs
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
400
6-minute walk distance (m)
Figure E2C.
r = 0.46; p < 0.001
2.4
Physical activity level
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0
100
200
300
400
6-minute walk distance (m)
500
600
700