-FROM HUNTERS AND GATHERS TO
CIVILIZATION
-ASSIGNMENT SUMMARY PARAGRAPH
Describe
what a
civilization is.
AIM: How did early humans survive?
DO NOW: How do we know people lived thousands of
years ago??
TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS
ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN?
AFRICA
LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) Kenyan archaeologists who began
looking for early human remains in East
Africa. They found many tools, bones &
other artifacts.
DONALD JOHANSON - (1974)
archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a
part of an early human skeleton in
Ethiopia
STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN:
1. 90cc (cubic cm) skull size
2. Upright vertebrate
3. Thumb for tool making
WHAT ARE THESE IMAGES & WHAT DO THEY TELL
US ABOUT EARLY HUMANS?
*NOTES*
Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) 2 million B.C. - 10,000 B.C.
1. Hunting & gathering societies
2. Nomads- people who travel from place to place in
constant search of food and water
3. People traveled in small groups
4. Simple tools/weapons made of stone, bone & wood
5. Use of clothes & fire
6. Cave paintings found of animals
7. Animism- religion which involves worshipping spirits
in nature
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS
OF RIVER CIVILIZATIONS
We begin at about 8,000 BC
when village life began in the
New Stone Age. . . Also
known as the
Neolithic Revolution.
NEW
STONE AGE
WHAT IS THE REVOLUTION?
A TOTALLY NEW WAY OF LIVING:
From
Hunter-Gatherers
to Agriculture
THE INVENTION OF AGRICULTURE
CHANGED THE WAY PEOPLE LIVED.
• Agriculture (Farming)
• Growth of Cities
• Division of Labor
(Specialization)
• Trade
• Writing and Mathematics
FIVE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CIVILAZATON
AIM: What advances in government, technology, and culture
did early civilizations make?
DO NOW: Write down three words
associated with the word civilized. (5
minutes)
OUR CIVILIZATION: NEW YORK CITY
WHAT FACTORS MAKE US A “CIVILIZED” AND COMPLEX
SOCIETY?
Write down at least 3 ideas.
*NOTES*
WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION???
CIVILIZATION- (1) group of people living and working
together for the purpose of creating an organized society.
(2) “the highest cultural grouping of people which
distinguishes humans from other species”
(3) “complex systems or network of cities that emerge
from pre-urban culture”
Government
Religion
System of Writing
Class Structure
Division of Labor
1. ORGANIZED GOVERNMENT
Organize people to grow and distribute
food
Make and enforce laws
Plan / organize large projects
Standardize money / collect taxes
Build an army for protection
2. ORGANIZED RELIGION
Theocracy – Government by religion
Early civilizations were ruled by priests
Set up rituals, symbols and shrines
Priests were gods or the representatives
of gods
Polytheism – Many gods
3. SYSTEM OF WRITING
A way to keep track of
records
Laws to follow
Taxes to collect
What has been stored
Passes on knowledge to
others
Priests were the ones
who wrote
4. CLASS STRUCTURE
Ruler – Usually a priest
Priests/Nobles – Priests worked with gods
Nobles were warriors with land
Merchants – People who traded
Shopkeepers/Artisans – Working class
with some skills
Laborers/Farmers – Workers – no skills
Slaves – No freedom – lowest class
5. DIVISION OF LABOR
Provides goods and services
People develop specialized skills
Encourages trade and new technology
Encourages a system of social classes