Communities &
Biomes
Biotic & Abiotic Factors
Biotic =
 Living
organisms
Abiotic =
 Nonliving
 Soil,Air,Water
 Substrate
1.Community: Biotic factors
 All
the Plants
& Animals
 In a given
area
 ? Community
of Del Mar
Forest Community •Deciduou
…………..
s
trees
•Deer
•Fox
•Skunks
•Insects
•Shrubs
•Grasses
Ecosystem: Both biotic and abiotic
factors in a large area:
2. Limiting Factor
 Limits
Growth
 Biotic or
 Abiotic
 Too much or
 Too little
Ranges of Tolerance

100
80
60

40
20
0
10 15 20 25 30
snail
Range over which a
population or
organism can
successfully
survive & grow
Too much or too
little of an
environmental
factor can be
limiting
3. Succession
 Orderly
change
 Over time
 Natural
 Species
Replacement
 In a
community or
ecosystem
Succession communities:
2.
Intermediat
e
species
1.Pioneer
species
3. Climax
community
Pioneer species:
 Lichens
(algae
& fungi) break
apart rock to
make soil
 Grasses
 Annual flowers
 Mosses
Climax Community: final set of
organisms suited to that climate
Deciduous Climax Forest
San Diego Coastal Sage & Chaparral
Climax Community
Types of Succession
Primary
 1st time plants
or animals are
established
 New island
 Volcanoes
 Bare soil, rock
Secondary
 After a “blowout”
 Re-establish a
community
 Already had living
organisms
 Fire, flood, human
disruption
New island= Primary Succession
Secondary Succession will follow!
Primary Or Secondary?
BOTH PRIMARY & SECONDARY have
these Succession communities:
2.
Intermediate
species
1.Pioneer
species
3. Climax
community
Biome
 biotic
community
 dominant
plants and
animals
 unique
climate
Biomes of the World
BIOMES
 Tundra
 Coniferous Forest
 Deciduous Forest
 Desert
 Grassland
 Rainforest