Psychological Modes/Phases
P
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J
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PERCEIVING ( S or N)
Input
Receiving/Receptivity
Gathering Data
Becoming Aware
JUDGING (T or F)
Output
Sorting Things Out
Responding/Responsiveness
Getting Things Settled
Deciding
T’s
 Objectify
time
 Organize presentation according to
principles
 Organize presentation from subject
to necessary points to conclusion
 Are terse (especially IT)
 Procrastinate about relationships
J’s
Make lists to get things done
 Overlook items not on schedule
 Don’t want to be caught at last minute
 Don’t operate well without schedule
 Me or someone in control
 Manage time
 Write books about time, follow the advice
 Work first, play later
 Procrastinate about leisure and play

F’s
 Perceive
time as relational
 Organize presentation to meet
other’s needs
 Are not very orderly in presenting
information
 Are chatty (especially EF’s)
 Procrastinate about showing anger
P’s
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Make lists for content
Put too many items on schedule, or schedule gets
overlooked
Start at the last minute
Believe things will work out
Wonder if life can be controlled
Adapt to time
Buy books about time and think about applying
principles
Play and work together
Procrastinate about laborious tasks
Benefits of the MBTI to the
Organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Offers a logical and orderly model of
human behavior
Reduces unproductive interpersonal and
intraorganizational conflict
Is neither judgmental nor pejorative
Identifies strengths and liabilities of
project and work teams as well as
particular organizational levels or
functions
Is straightforward and easily understood
Benefits of the MBTI to the
Organization (con’t)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Builds understanding regarding the
organization’s norms and culture
Helps to assess the fit between person and job
Has solid research backing
Is quick to administer, cost efficient, and
professionally interpreted
Builds an objective framework for dealing with
conflict
Has many applications and developmental
aspects for areas such as communications,
career development, management training, and
team building
The Effect of the Preferences on
Time Management
E’s
 Can
get distracted and pulled by the
outside world
 Need to get others involved
 Invade others’ time
 Procrastinate about going off alone
to think and reflect
The Effect of the Preferences on
Time Management
S’s
 Focus
on the present
 Perceive time as this moment
 Either have too much or too little
to do
 Enjoy today
The Effect of the Preferences on
Time Management
T’s
 Objectify
time
 Organize presentation according to
principles
 Organize presentation from subject
to necessary points to conclusion
 Are terse (especially IT)
 Procrastinate about relationships
The Effect of the Preferences on
Time Management
I’s
 Can
get into their own project and
forget outside world’s deadlines
 Work alone and stick to it
 Are invaded by others’ time
 Procrastinate about going to a large
gathering
The Effect of the Preferences on
Time Management
N’s
 Focus
on the future
 Perceive time as endless
 Never have enough time; always
time for more
 Procrastinate about really enjoying
today
The Effect of the Preferences on
Time Management
F’s
 Perceive
time as relational
 Organize presentation to meet
others’ needs
 Are not very orderly in presenting
information
 Are chatty (especially EF’s)
 Procrastinate about showing anger
WHAT DEFINES A NEW
GENERATION?
 Solves
a problem facing the prior
youth generation
 Corrects for behavioral excesses
it perceives in the current midlife
generation
 Fills the social role being vacated
by the departing elder
generation
Benefits of the MBTI to the
Individual
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Helps individuals learn about themselves and
their preferences
Offers a logical and orderly model of human
behavior
Is neither judgmental nor pejorative and helps
to raise self-esteem
Helps assess the fit between person and job
Builds an objective framework for emotional
issues
Shows how to persuade and influence others
(how to “sell” your ideas)
Benefits of the MBTI to the
Individual (con’t)
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Helps build better relationships with
others on the job and at home
Indicates why some things come easily
to people and why other things are more
difficult to do
Provides self-awareness in many
different areas
Helps people identify the role that
environment can play in their well-being
Improves motivation
WHY MBTI?
 AN INDICATOR
GOOD CONSCIOUSNESS RAISER
SOLID THEORY BASE (JUNG)
NOT ELITIST/SPECIALIST
WIDE DATA BASE (CAPT)
WIDE APPLICATION
INCREASING LITERATURE
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL
OPEN TO SPIRITUAL LIFE
WIDELY KNOWN
FACILITATES COMMUNICATION
INADEQUACY OF STRATEGIES IN FACE OF MASS DIFFERENTIATION
TYPE OPPOSITES
INTP (ARCHITECT)…ESFJ (SELLER)
ENTP (INVENTOR)…ISFJ (CONSERVATOR)
INTJ (SCIENTIST)…ESFP (ENTERTAINER)
ENTJ (FIELDMARSHAL)…ISFP (ARTIST)
INFP (QUESTOR)…ESTJ (ADMINISTRATOR)
ENFP (JOURNALIST)…ISTJ (TRUSTEE)
INFJ (AUTHOR)…ESTP (PROMOTOR)
ENFJ (PEDAGOGUE)…ISTP (ARTISAN)
The Way You Were…and Are
“Forget it, pal. I thought I recognized you, but, as
it turns out, it was just your type that I
recognized.”
Individuation:
Developmental
Stages
0-6:
Random Practice
-ATTITUDE EMERGES
1 Childhood: Establishing DOMINANT
6-12
-WITH ATTITUDE
2 Adolescence: Developing Auxiliary
12-20
-with opposite attitude
- in opposite MODE
3 Young Adult: Developing Tertiary
20-35
- with attitude change
- in same mode as 2
4 Adulthood: Coming to terms with
inferior function
- attitude change
- Mode change (from 3)
- Moving toward Wholeness
- Learning Wisdom
(APPROPRIATENESS)
Judging
Thinking
Axis
Axis
Sensation
Perceptual
Feeling
Intuition
Sensation
CS
Personal UCS
Collective UCS
Attitude: Energy Flow
Subject
Object
EGO
people
things
Extravert
Ideas
Subject
Object
EGO
people
things
Introvert
Ideas
Differentiation of Consciousness
CS
1
2
2
UCS
1
3
4
4
1 = Dominant
3
2= Auxiliary
3 = Auxiliary
4 = Inferior
FORMULA STRUCTURE
2
(I S T J)
WHERE
DOMINANT
1
3
WHAT IS
IS USED:
USED
OUT:
IN (I)
P or J
OR
OUT (E)
CORE: PREFERRED
MODE OF PERCEIVING
AND JUDGING
Plato c340 B.C.
Artisan
Guardian
Idealist
Rational
Aristotle c325
Hedonic
Proprietary
Ethical
Dialectical
Galen c 190 A.D. Sanguine
Melancholic
Choleric
Phlegmatic
Paracelsus 1550
Changeable
Industrious
Inspired
Curious
Adickes 1905
Innovative
Traditional
Doctrinaire
Skeptical
Spräger 1914
Aesthetic
Economic
Religious
Theoretic
Kretschmer 1920 Hypomanic
Depressive
Hyperesthetic Anesthetic
Fromm 1947
Exploitative
Hoarding
Receptive
Marketing
Myers 1958
Probing
Scheduling
Friendly
Tough-minded
E (75% of population) versus
I (25% of population)
Sociability…………………………….Territoriality
 Interaction…………………………..Concentration
 External………………………………..Internal
 Breadth………………………………..Depth
 Extensive……………………………..Intensive
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Multiplicity of relationships………Limited
relationships
Expenditure of energies………..Conservation
of energies
Interest in external events…….Interest in
internal reaction
S (75% of population) versus
N (25% of population)
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Experience………………………................Hunches
Past………………………………….................Future
Realistic……………………………………………..Speculative
Perspiration………………………………………..Inspiration
Actual………………………………………………….Possible
Down-to-earth………………..................Head-inclouds
Utility…………………………………………………..Fantasy
Fact……………………………………………………..Fiction
Practicality………………………………………….Ingenuity
Sensible……………………………………………..Imaginative
T (50% of population) versus
F (50% of population)
 Objective………………………..Subjective
 Principles…………………………Values
 Policy……………………………….Social
Values
 Laws……………………………..Extenuating
circumstances
 Criterion…………………………Intimacy
 Firmness………………………..Persuasion
T (50% of population) versus
F (50% of population) con’t
 Impersonal…………………….Personal
 Justice……………………………Humane
 Categories…………………….
Harmony
 Standards………………………Good or
bad
 Critique…………………………. Appreciate
 Analysis…………………………..Sympathy
 Allocation………………………..Devotion
J (50% of population) versus
P (50% of population)
Settled……………………………………….Pending
 Decided……………………………………..Gather
more data
 Fixed…………………………………………Flexible
 Plan ahead……………………………….Adapt as
you go
 Run one’s life…………………………..Let life
happen
 Closure………………………………..Open options
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J (50% of population) versus
P (50% of population) con’t
Decision-making………….Treasure hunting
 Planned………………………..Open ended
 Completed…………………..Emergent
 Decisive……………………….Tentative
 Wrap it up…………………..Something will turn
up
 Urgency………………………..There’s plenty of
time
 Deadline!.....................What deadline
 Get show on the road…..Let’s wait and
see…
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Reasons for Using the MBTI
Self-report instrument
 Nonjudgmental
 Indicates preferences
 Well researched
 Intended for use with well people
 Based on a rich theory
 Unique in its history and development
 Professionally administered and
interpreted
 Used internationally

Model of the Four Preferences
Sensing
Perception
Introvert
Intuition
Preference
Thinking
Extravert
Judgment
Feeling