VENDOR REGISTRATION APPLICATION 1 Supplier Database Tshwane University of Technology The Tshwane University of Technology is developing a vendor database which will assist with requests for quotations and tenders. These forms must be completed and returned to the following address: Tender Box Pretoria Campus Building 6, Ground Level, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West Please complete the forms in all detail – use black pen. Please print so that all information is legible. Forms that are not readable or incomplete will be rejected. New Application Yes No If No, please supply current creditor number. PLEASE KEEP COPIES OF THE REGISTRATION FORM AND ALL DOCUMENTATION SUBMITTED FOR YOUR OWN RECORDS AS NO COPIES WILL BE MADE BY THE UNIVERSITY 2 - POINTS TO REMEMBER - COMPLETING VENDOR REGISTRATION APPLICATION FORM Mandatory fields – Certain fields and documents are mandatory to certain business types only. Please ensure that all fields mandatory to your business type which are marked as “Mandatory Field” have been completed and if a field is not applicable to your business type, clearly mark it as N/A. Required documentation – Please refer to the attached table (Following page) to determine the mandatory supporting documentation required for your business type. Please ensure that all copies of Mandatory documents (certified copies where applicable) are attached. Completion of questions – Clearly state Yes, No or N/A to questions asked. Do not leave any Mandatory fields blank. Certified Documents – Please ensure that a Commissioner of Oaths has certified your Company Registration document and Proof of Shareholding Certificates. The stamp of certification should be on the front of the document. Copies of Documents - Please keep copies of the registration form and all supporting documentation submitted for your own records and to ensure that all data is maintained and up to date on a continual basis. Owners, Shareholders and Partners – Please ensure that the percentage of ownership calculated up to 100% and that a field is completed for each of the business owners. Certification of Correctness – Please ensure that the Certification of Correctness is signed and dated once all required documents and information have been submitted. Collection points – Completed registration forms and supporting documentation can be delivered to the address on the registration form. Processing of registration – Your completed registration will be processed and once verified, will be approved and you will be issued with a Vendor Registration Number to be used in all future communication with Tshwane University of Technology. The letter of verification will be dispatched to the correspondence details supplied on page three. Please note that this administration process will take a minimum of 5 days. Once your registration has been included on the TUT Database your details will be accessible to the purchasing officers of TUT. Business Opportunities – Please note that registration on the TUT Supplier Database does not guarantee business opportunities. Inclusion of the name in a database does not in any way guarantee any persons, company, service provider, vendor, etc. any business from the Tshwane University of Technology. All procurement will be subjected to the Procurement- and Tender policies of Tshwane University of Technology. Amendments – Please notify the Tshwane University of Technology – Procurement Department immediately of any changes to the verified information submitted. Queries – Should you have any queries or if you require assistance completing the registration form, please contact the Procurement office on (T) 012-3825207. If a company has more than one office, each office must fill in a separate from unless the point of transaction is centralized in the company’s head office. Please note that the key facilities in the database are classified as commodities and each potential vendor must indicate the commodity/commodities in which it would like to register for RFQ’s. The main objective of this process is to enhance transparency and equality on the part of the University and to facilitate effective communication with its vendors. Applications must be delivered by hand and must be fully completed with all the relevant documentation attached. It is a condition of bidding that a vendor’s taxes must be in order or satisfactory arrangements must have been made with the Receiver of Revenue to meet his/her tax obligations. In bids where consortia/joint ventures/sub contractors are involved, each party must submit a separate valid Tax Clearance Certificate. 3 PLEASE KEEP COPIES OF REGISTRATION FORM AND ALL DOCUMENTATION SUBMITTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Name of Business Registration Number Documents required Sole Proprietor Company Registration Certified Copies Proof of Ownership Certified Copies Regional Services Council Close Corporation and Private Companies Where to get documents Business Type Partnerships Public Company Business Trust Non Profit Organizations Trust agreement Certificate of incorporation Section 21 N/A Certificate of incorporation CK1/CK2 Partnership agreement Certificate of incorporation CM3 N/A Certificate of incorporation CK1/CK2 Partnership agreement Certificate of incorporation CM3 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Bank Statement/ cancelled cheque For the owner or the business For the owner or the business If staff are employed Bank Statement/ cancelled cheque For the company/cc Bank Statement/ cancelled cheque For the partnership Bank Statement/ cancelled cheque For the company Bank Statement/ cancelled cheque Bank Statement/ cancelled cheque For the company/cc For the partnership For the company If staff are employed If staff are employed If staff are employed If staff are employed If staff are employed VAT Registration If registered for VAT If registered for VAT If registered for VAT If registered for VAT If registered for VAT If registered for VAT U.I.F Certificate Workman’s Compensation Security Officer’s Board If staff are employed If staff are employed If applicable – for security industry If staff are employed If staff are employed If applicable – for security industry If staff are employed If staff are employed If applicable – for security industry If staff are employed If staff are employed If applicable – for security industry If staff are employed If staff are employed If applicable – for security industry Proof of Disability Proof of Identity If owner is disabled Clear copy of Owner’s ID doc. If owner is disabled Clear copy of Owner’s ID doc. If owner is disabled Clear copy of Owner’s ID doc. If owner is disabled Clear copy of Owner’s ID doc. If staff are employed If staff are employed If applicable – for security industry If owner is disabled Clear copy of Owner’s ID doc. Proof of Banking Income Tax Tax Clearance certificate P.A.Y.E 4 Trust details: Letter of Authority Auditor’s letter – no shareholding Registrar of Close Corporations & Companies Registrar of Close Corporations & Companies City of Tshwane/Local Authority if not based in Tshwane Branch of Bank where account is held For the Trust For the Trust Receiver of Revenue (SARS) For the Trust For the Trust Receiver of Revenue (SARS) If owner is disabled Clear copy of Owner’s ID doc. Receiver of Revenue (SARS) Receiver of Revenue (SARS) Department of Labour Department of Labour Security Service Industry Regulatory Authority Medical Practitioner Department of Home Affairs Department of Labour (U.I.F certificates) 94 Church street, Pretoria 012 337 1802 CONTACT DETAILS Department of Labour (Workman’s Compensation Compensation House, Cnr Hamilton & Soutpansberg Rd, Pretoria 012 319 9111 Security Service Industry Regulatory Authority 481 Belvedere Street, Arcadia 012 337 5500 Registrar of Close Corporations & companies Zanza Building, 116 Proes Street, Pretoria 086 184 3384 City of Tshwane/Local Authority if not based in Tshwane HB Phillip Building, 320 Bosman Street, Pretoria. 012 337 4000 Receiver of Revenue (SARS) c/o Schoeman & v.d. Walt Street, P.O. Box 436, Pretoria 0001 012 317 2000 COMMODITY GROUPS PLEASE NOTE: Any vendor may only register for a maximum of four commodity groups Tick Cat No 001 002 003 Description Laboratory equipment Fasteners, Bolts, Nuts, Rivets & Washers Containers & Packaging Tick Cat No 030 031 Description 032 Welding & Flame Cutting Equipment Office Furniture, Components & Accessories Hospital, Medical & Surgical Equipment & Furniture Outdoor & Pavement Furniture Agricultural & Horticultural Equipment & Machinery Compressors, Blowers & Vacuum Equipment Air conditioners, Ventilation, Fans & Coolers Furnaces, Kilns, Ovens & industrial Dryers Office Machines & Equipment 061 Machine Tools & Accessories Radio, Television, Audiovisual & Communication Equipment Pumps, Engines, Spares & Accessories Fertilizers 070 033 004 Bricks & Blocks 005 Canteen, Kitchen & Cooking equipment & Appliances Tableware, Hollowware & Utensils Sand, Soil, Cement & Concrete 034 Home & Industrial Fabrics & Textiles Clothing, Safety Clothing & Footwear 037 Cordage, Ropes, Twines, String & Nets Electronic Components & Equipment Computer Hardware & Supplies 039 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 035 036 038 040 041 042 013 Computer Software & Solutions 014 Electric & Data Cable, Wire &Equipment Electric Lamps, Lighting & Accessories 015 043 044 Printing Supplies General Foodstuffs 5 Tick Cat No 059 060 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 071 072 073 Description Brush ware Power Tools & Accessories Hand Tools & Accessories Transport Hire & Transport and Cartage Services Catering & Events Equipment Hire Engineers & Contractors Castors, Ladders, Trolleys & Wheels Recreational & Sports Requisites Artwork, Crafts, Curios & Gifts Hygiene, Beauty & Cosmetic Products Publications, Videos & Films Fresh Flowers, Plants & Seeds Medications & Pharmaceuticals by General Classification Financial, Insurance & Legal Services Analysis, Inspection & Evaluation Services 016 General Electrical Equipment & Parts Control, Process & Measurement Instrumentation 045 Animal Feeds 074 Installation Services 046 075 Maintenance & Repair Services 018 Test & Analysis instrumentation 047 076 Manufacturing & processing Services 019 Scopes, Lenses & Optical Equipment Security Equipment & Requisites, Walling, Fencing & Gates Signs, Nameplates, Notices & Labels Engravers, DieSinkers & Embossers Insulation Products Precious Stones and Materials 048 Transport Vehicles, Trailers, Motorcycles, Boats, Aircraft & Spares & Accessories Washing, Scrubbing, Cleaning Plant and Supplies Nails, Pins, Screws & Staples Fuels, Petrol, Oils & Lubricants 077 Cleaning Services 078 Administration & Management Services Coatings, Waterproofing & Paints Stationery 079 052 053 Steel, Pipes and Profiles Valves and Pressure Vessels 081 082 Building requisites, fittings & Materials Flooring Products 054 Pest Control and Cleaning materials Adhesives 083 Engineering & Related Services Advertising & Marketing Services Consultants Communication, Publishing & Printing Services Consulting Engineers Sanitary ware & Accessories Sewing, Knitting & Textile Machines & Equipment Printing, Marking, Engraving & Labeling Equipment Accommodation, Tourism & Entertainment Agricultural Services Retailers & Wholesalers 056 Heaters and Heating Equipment Timbers and Timber materials 085 Chemicals & Associated Products Security Services 086 Food Services 058 Plant & Equipment Hire 087 Computer Related Services 091 Government Services – National, Local & Municipal 017 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 088 089 090 049 050 051 055 057 080 084 092 Documents Attached Yes Workman’s Compensation Certificate (Certified) Regional Council/District Registration (Certified) VAT 103 (Certified) P.A.Y.E./SDL/UIF (EMP103) (Certified) Company Registration Document (Certified) Proof of Ownership/Shareholder certificate (Certificate) Tax Clearance Certificate (Original) Proof of Banking Document Disability Documents (Certified) Security Officer’s Board registration (Certified) Municipal Account Labour Broker 6 Please tick box No N/A Please note: Proof of documents for all of those above are required to ensure successful registration on the Supplier Database. In event of a document not being required please tick the N/A box. 1. COMPANY REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS NB. DOCUMENTARY PROOF MUST BE PROVIDED WHERE APPLICALE (Please mark N/A if not applicable.) NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable 1.1 COMPANY TYPE * (NB. Documentary Proof of Registration must be provided) PUBLIC COMPANY LTD CERTIFIED COPY OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION (CM 3) and REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION NUMBER PRIVATE COMPANY (PTY) LTD CERTIFIED COPY OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION (CM 3) and REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION NUMBER CLOSE CORPORATION CC CERTIFIED COPY OF CK1 DOCUMENT OR CK2 IF APPLICABLE and REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION NUMBER SOLE PROPRIETOR COPY OF REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT PARTNERSHIP COPY OF REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT and PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT BUSINESS TRUST COPY OF REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT and CERTIFIED COPY OF REGISTRATION DOCUMENT OTHER (If Joint Venture) COPY OF REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION DOCUMENT and CERTIFIED COPY OF REGISTRATION DOCUMENT NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable Company, CK or Regional Council Number Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A. Did you attach your company Registration document? Y N N/A 1.2 PROOF OF SHAREHOLDING DOCUMENTS * CERTIFIED COPIES of Shareholders certificates or CK members share allocation documents must be supplied. Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A. 7 Did you attach your proof of shareholders documents? Y N N/A Y N N/A Y N N/A Y N N/A Y N N/A 1.3 REGIONAL COUNCIL REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS * Regional Council Reference Number Did you attach your proof of shareholders documents? 1.4 PROOF OF BANKING DOCUMENTS * Current bank statement or copy of cancelled cheque. Did you attach your proof of banking document? 1.5 VAT REGISTRATION NUMBER # VAT Registration Number If you qualify for VAT exemption, please attach a VAT exemption document Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your VAT registration (VAT 103)? 1.6 P.A.Y.E. DOCUMENT # Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your P.A.Y.E. document? NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable 1.7 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FUND DOCUMENTS # U.I.F Number Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your UIF document? Y N N/A Y N N/A 1.8 WORKMAN’S COMPENSATION FUND DOCUMENTS # Workman’s Compensation Fund No. Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your Workman’s Compensation Fund Number? 8 1.9 SECURITY OFFICERS BOARD REGISTRATION # Security officers board registration no. Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your Security Officers Board Registration? 1.10 Y N N/A Y N N/A Y N N/A Y N N/A Y N N/A Y N N/A DISABILITY DOCUMENTS # Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your disability? 1.11 INCOME TAX REGISTRATION # Income Tax Registration No. Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your Income Tax Registration? 1.12 TAX CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE * Original of valid Tax Clearance Certificate must be supplied Did you attach a valid Tax Clearance Certificate? 1.13 CIDB REGISTRATION # CRS Registration No. Current CIDB Grading Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of your CIDB Registration? 1.14 NHBRC REGISTRATION # NHBRC Registration No. Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Did you attach proof of Registration? 9 1.15 TRANSPORT OPERATORS # PDP Permit No. Not applicable to all companies, please specify if N/A Y Did you attach a copy of your PDP Permit? N N/A NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable 2. BUSINESS PARTICULARS * 2.1 Name of Business* 2.2 Physical address * City Code Province 2.3 Postal address * City Code Province 2.4 Telephone Number. * 2.5 Fax Number. * 2.6 Cell Number. * 2.7 E-Mail Address. * 2.8 Web-Page Address. * 10 2.9 How would you like to receive your correspondence from us? * Post Fax E-Mail 2.10 Correspondence Address * City Code Province NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable Contact Person for correspondence as per 2.10 Title Name Surname 3. SALES AND ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT * 3.1 Sales Department * Contact Name Cell No E-Mail Address Telephone Fax 3.1 Accounts Department * Contact Name Cell No E-Mail Address Telephone Fax 4. CORE BUSINESS OPERATION * (Mark with X in applicable fields) Prime Contractor Sub-Contractor (Less than 25% generated turnover as prime contractor Labour-only Contractor Supplier Manufacturer Labour Agency Professional Services Education, Development & Training Service Provider Construction (CIDB) 11 NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable Other, please specify ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. ANNUAL AVERAGE TURNOVER * Indicate annual average turnover excluding Value Added Tax during the past three years: . R 6. FINANCIAL DETAIL (BANKING) * Banking institution name Branch Town/City Banking account number Account type Account holder’s name NB. DOCUMENTARY PROOF OF BANKING INSTITUTION MUST BE SUPPLIED (Cancelled Cheque/ Bank Statement) 7. PREVIOUS BUSINESS INFORMATION * 7.1 Did your business exist under a previous name? 7.2 If Yes, what name did it trade under? 7.3 Previous business registration number? 12 Yes No NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable 8. BUSINESS INFORMATION * The following table must be completed in order to establish whether a business can be classified as an SMME in terms of the National Small Business Act 102 of 1996. Indicate the sector by ticking the appropriate block in column 1. Economic Sector Type of Business Agriculture Mining and Quarrying ISO Listed Manufacturer Manufacturing Electricity, Gas and Water Construction Retail, Motor Trade and Repair Services Wholesale Trade, Commercial gents & Allied Services Catering, Accommodation & other Trade Transport, Storage and Communications Finance and Business Services Community, Social & Personal Services Distributor Sales Services Importer Exporter Repairer 9. LABOUR BROKERS Please answer the questions by marking the appropriate column with an “X”. Please do not leave out any questions relating to your special circumstances. 1. Do you render service to TUT through a Company, Close Corporation or Trust? Yes No 2. Are you an Independent Contractor? Yes No 3. Are you a Labour Broker? (If yes = taxable unless IRP30 certificate is received. If no, see next questions) Yes No 4. Are the services personally rendered by a person who is a connected person (shareholder, member, trustee, beneficiary, relative of the afore-mentioned, etc.) in relation to the Company/Close Corporation or Trust? (If yes, see question 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. If no = not subjected to employees tax) Yes No 5. Does the entity employ four or more employees. (other than shareholders, members or connected persons) who are on a full-time basis engaged in the business of rendering services to clients? (This implies that the tea lady and gardener would not be considered in determining the full-time staff members rendering services to clients). Yes No 6. Would the person who is rendering the services be regarded as an “employee” of TUT? Yes No 7. Is the person who is rendering the service subject to control or supervision of TUT as to the manner in which duties are performed or as hours of work? No 13 Yes NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable 8. Do the amounts paid in respect of services rendered include earnings that are payable at regular, daily, weekly, monthly or other intervals? (This is normally on the basis that you charge your client for the person in question’s salary plus commission for your service? Yes No 9. Does the Company/Close Corporation or Trust, during its financial year, receive or anticipate to receive more than 80% of income for this specified service from TUT? (If yes to any of questions 6, 7, 8, or 9, then taxable, except if IRP30 certificate can be submitted. If no to all four questions (6, 7, 8 and () = Not subject to employees tax. Yes No Subject to employees tax? Yes No 10. HDI INFORMATION * Explanation of abbreviations used in the tables to follow: Capacity Director Partner Member Proprietor Other D P M R O HDI Status HDI Women Disabled H W D Please note that proof of disability must be provided by a recognized institution and certified copies of such certification needs to be attached to this application. NB. CERTIFIED COPY OF SHAREHOLDER CERTIFICATES OR PROOF OF OWNERSHIP MUST BE SUPPLIED (Multiple copies of this page may be submitted if required) 10.1 Complete the following for the shareholders who are actively involved in the management and daily business operation of the business First Name Surname Identification Number % Percentage of Share Capacity Gender HDI Status Disabled (a permanent impairment of a physical, intellectual or sensory function resulting In restricted or lack of ability to perform in a manner considered normal for a human being) Yes No Were you a South African citizen on or before 26th April 1994? Are you actively involved in the management and the daily business operations of the business (Please provide a written breakdown e.g. company profile) 14 Yes No Yes No NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable First Name Surname Identification Number % Percentage of Share Capacity Gender HDI Status Disabled (a permanent impairment of a physical, intellectual or sensory function resulting In restricted or lack of ability to perform in a manner considered normal for a human being) Yes No Were you a South African citizen on or before 26th April 1994? Yes Are you actively involved in the management and the daily business operations of the business (Please provide a written breakdown e.g. company profile) No Yes No First Name Surname Identification Number % Percentage of Share Capacity Gender HDI Status Disabled (a permanent impairment of a physical, intellectual or sensory function resulting In restricted or lack of ability to perform in a manner considered normal for a human being) Yes No Were you a South African citizen on or before 26th April 1994? Yes Are you actively involved in the management and the daily business operations of the business (Please provide a written breakdown e.g. company profile) No Yes No 11. PREVIOUS CONTRACT OR TENDERING EXPERIENCE (Mark with X) Do you have any previous contract work or tendering experience? Yes No If yes, please complete the table below. List the last 2 contracts awarded to you (the tenderer) or previous experience with other business related to the type of work or supply your are registering for. Employer/Department Contact Person Contact Number Contract value in Rands R 15 . NB: All fields marked with * are mandatory. Fields marked with # are mandatory only if applicable Year awarded Year completed/Still in Progress Documentary proof attached Yes No Employer/Department Contact Person Contact Number Contract value in Rands R Year awarded . Year completed/Still in Progress Documentary proof attached Yes No In terms of section 37(2) of the Occupational health and Safety Act 1993 (Act85 of 1993) as amended the mandatory (contractor) hereby acknowledges that he is an employer in his own right. He undertakes to determine all risks associated with the work he is required to perform and to determine and implement all cautionary measures to mitigate or remove such risk. The mandatory will take all necessary steps to ensure compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1993. Where the mandatory is found not to comply with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act the Tshwane University of Technology or its representative will be able to stop the activities of the mandatory, without any cost to the University until such time as the mandatory complies with the requirements of the Act. 12. CERTIFICATION OF CORRECTNESS OF INFORMATION SUPPLIED IN THIS DOCUMENT * I/We the undersigned is/are duly authorized to do so on behalf of the firm, hereby certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The information supplied is correct. All copies of relevant information are attached. The HDI points claimed are correct and based on owners/shareholders who are actively involved in the day to day management of the enterprise. I take note that payment will be effected 30 days after delivery was effected if delivered with an original invoice. If I am classified as a dependant service provider/labour broker as stated in the fourth schedule of the Income Tax Act I hereby authorize the University to deduct P.A.Y.E. and supply me with a yearly IPR 30 (only if no valid Labour Broker Certificate can be supplied). ………………………………………………………. Signature of authorized person ………………………………………………… Date Personal information in block letters Name Surname 16 Telephone No Capacity ON BEHALF OF (Supplier’s name) Signed and sworn to before me at ………………………………..on this the …………..day of ……………………………………………20…… by the Deponent, who has acknowledge that he/she knows and understands the contents of this Affidavit which is true and correct to the best of his/her knowledge and that he/she has no objection to taking the prescribed oath and that the prescribed oath will be binding on his/her conscience. ………………………………………………………………. Commissioner of Oaths TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Private Bag X680 Pretoria 0001 13. AUTHORISATION FOR ELECTRONIC TRANSFER OF FUNDS (EFT) TO VENDOR’S BANK ACCOUNT PLEASE COMPLETE IN BLOCK LETTERS Surname/Company name First Names/Company of Account Holder Address Telephone Fax Mobile E-mail Bank Branch Bank Account Branch Number Type of Account Cheque Savings Transmission 17 I, the undersigned hereby authorise the Tshwane University of Technology to credit my account via EFT as afore mentioned with the amount payable/due to specified beneficiary for goods and services rendered Please note: That if a cancelled cheque is not attached, an official stamp should obtained from the bank to confirm the information given above. ………………………………………………………… Signature ……………………………………………… Date FOR USE OF BANK (In cases where a cancelled cheque is not attached) Above information checked and confirmed. Signature: ………………………………………… Bank Stamp: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY – TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Information confirmed and submitted for capturing on: ………………………………………………. Signature: ………………………………………… Date: ……………………………………………….. 18