Mental Health Nursing I
NURS 1300
Unit III
Developmental Stages
Throughout the Life Span
Objective 1
Review concepts specific to health and
development

Health
level of functional and metabolic
efficiency
 ability to respond efficiently to stressors
 effective restoration and sustenance of
homeostasis

Objective 1 (cont’d)

Growth


measurement of increase in physical
dimensions
Development
behavioral changes
 increasing competency in functional
abilities and skills


Maturation

biological plan for growth and
development
Objective 2
Review Erikson’s 8 stages of
development and describe how
mastery of each task relates to one’s
self-concept
Stage 1 – Trust vs. Mistrust
Birth to 18 months
Develop a sense of trust in others
Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
18 months to 3 years
Learn self-control
Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt
3 to 6 years
Initiate spontaneous activities
Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority
6 to 12 years
Develop necessary social skills
Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role Confusion
12 to 20 years
Integrate childhood experiences into a
personal identity
Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation
18 to 25 years
Develop commitments to others and to a
career
Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation
21 to 45 years
Establish a family and become productive
Stage 8 – Integrity vs. Despair
45+ years
View one’s life as meaningful and fulfilling
Objective 3
Describe the major developmental
characteristics and concerns of each
of the 8 stages
Stage 1

Characteristics
social attachment
 maturation of sensory, perceptual, and
motor functions


Concerns

may develop emotional dissatisfaction
with self and others, suspiciousness, and
difficulty with interpersonal relationships
if one fails to master this stage of
development
Stage 2

Characteristics
self-control
 language development
 fantasy play


Concerns

failure to master this task may result in
lack of self-confidence, lack of pride in
the ability to perform, a sense of being
controlled by others, and rage against self
Stage 3

Characteristics
early moral development
 self-esteem
 group play
 egocentrism


Concerns
feelings of inadequacy and guilt
 accepting of liability in situations for
which individual is not responsible

Stage 4

Characteristics
friendship
 skill learning
 self-evaluation
 team play


Concerns

difficulty in interpersonal relationships
caused by feelings of inadequacy
Stage 5

Characteristics
physical maturation
 emotional development
 membership in peer group
 sexual relationships


Concerns

failure results in self-consciousness,
doubt, and confusion about one’s role in
life
Stage 6

Characteristics
stable relationships
 childbearing
 work


Concerns
withdrawal
 social isolation
 aloneness
 inability to form lasting, intimate
relationships

Stage 7

Characteristics
nurturing of close relationships
 management of career and household
 parenting


Concerns

may develop a lack of concern for the
welfare of others and total preoccupation
with the self if one fails to master this
task
Stage 8

Characteristics
promote intellectual vigor
 redirect energy to new roles and activities
 develop a point-of-view about death


Concerns

failure may result in self-contempt and
disgust with how life has progressed
Objective 4
Describe the basic human needs in
each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
Objective 5
List factors which influence the
client’s ability to meet physiological
and safety needs






Age
Cultural beliefs
Spirituality
Self-concept
Family and community resources
Emotional responses to illness
Objective 6
Describe nursing measures that will
assist the client in meeting
physiological and safety needs
Nursing diagnoses for clients’
physiological needs:






Ineffective airway clearance
Sleep pattern disturbance
Impaired skin integrity
Fluid volume deficit
Pain
Impaired mobility
Nursing diagnoses for clients’ safety
needs:






Risk for falls
Risk for injury
Risk for infection
Anxiety or fear
Memory impairment
Confusion
Objective 7
Discuss priority needs of the client


Lower needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs require fulfillment before those at
higher levels can be achieved
The basic needs for human functioning
are the physiological needs, and safety
and security needs
Objective 8
Relate how self-esteem can affect the
hospitalized individual
Hospitalization takes away locus of
control, highly impacting self-esteem