Life Cycle Nutrition
Pregnancy
and
Lactation
Prior To Pregnancy
• Achieve and maintain a healthy
body weight
• Choose and adequate and
balanced diet
• Be physically active
• Avoid harmful influences
Weight Prior
To Conception
• Underweight
–Preterm
• Overweight and obesity
–Post term
–Cesarean section
Weight Gain
Weight Gain
#2 b
Weight Gain
#4
#4 cc
#4 c
Exercise During
Pregnancy
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Energy And Nutrient
Needs
#6 c
#13 b,c
Nutrition-Related
Concerns
• Nausea
• Constipation and hemorrhoids
• Heartburn
• Food cravings and aversions
• Non-Food cravings
–Pica
#7 d #8 b
Nutrition-Related
Concerns
Nutrition-Related
Concerns
High-Risk Pregnancies
High-Risk Pregnancies
Infant’s Birth Weight
• Low birthweight (LBW)
–Criteria: 5 ½ pounds
–Causes:
•Mother’s weight
•Mother’s nutritional status
•Mother’s age
#1 b
#11 d
#12 a
Maternal Health
• Preexisting diabetes
• Gestational diabetes
• Pre-existing hypertension
• Transient hypertension of pregnancy
• Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
• Pregnancy in adolescents
• Pregnancy in older women
–Down’s Syndrome
Practices Incompatible With
Pregnancy
• Alcohol; caffeine
• Illicit drugs; medicinal drugs
• Herbal supplements
• Smoking; chewing tobacco (SIDS)
• Environmental contaminants
• Vitamin/Mineral megadoses
• Weight-loss dieting
• Sugar substitutes
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
Practices Incompatible
With Lactation
• Alcohol; smoking; caffeine
• Illicit drugs; medicinal drugs
• Environmental contaminants
#16 b
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
#9 d
Alcohol
• Prenatal alcohol exposure
–Alcohol-related
neurodevelopmental disorder =
ARND
–Alcohol-related birth defects =
ARBD
Alcohol
• Drinking during pregnancy
• How much is too much?
• When is the damage done?
– 1st trimester – brain, heart, kidney
– 2nd trimester – increased abortion
– 3rd trimester – growth retardation