World War I Class Notes
How did the U.S mobilize for war?
I.
I. American Mobilization
1.
1. War Agencies
A.
War Industry Board
1.
Bernard Baruch
2.
doled out war materials
3.
told manufacturers what & how much to produce
4.
fixed prices
B.
Food Administration
1.
Herbert Hoover
2.
Lever Food & Fuel Control Act of 1917
3.
imposed rationing "Meatless Day", "Gasless Day"
4.
imposed price controls
5.
Daylight Savings Time
2.
Great Migration
A.
Immigration from Europe was cutoff
B.
African American leave the South to go North.
1.
500,000 migrate North
C.
Women find jobs on farms, in factories, & corporations
1.
Fill position not normally open to women
a.
telegraph messenger, elevator operator, mail
carrier
b.
Women's Land Army - find women farm jobs
c.
400,000 join the industrial workforce
3.
Enforcing Loyalty
A.
(CPI) Committee on Public Information (1917)
1.
head; George Creel
2.
short films, pamphlets, & posters aimed @ recruitment
+selling LibertyBonds
B.
Espionage (1917) + Sedition (1918) Acts
1.
Dissenters - people who actively oppose the majority
view.
a.
Eugene Debs, Socialist Party presidential
candidate
b.
Emma Goldman, anarchist
2.
Espionage Act (1917) "Spying"
a.
illegal to interfere with the draft.
3.
Sedition Act (1918) “speech or actions that encourage
rebellion”.
a.
Spying for + aiding the war time enemy
b.
Interfering w/ the recruitment of soldiers
c.
4.
5.
6.
Speaking against the govt’s campaign to sell
Liberty Bonds in order to finance the war.
d.
Using “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive
language” about the American form of govt., flag,
or military uniform.
C.
Schenk v. U.S.
1.
Free speech may be curtailed during wartime if it poses
a “clear & present danger”
Fighting the War
A.
Recruitment (Pre draft 120,000 enlisted + 80,000 National
Guardsmen).
1.
Selective Service Act (1917) authorized a draft.
2.
3 million draftees
3.
Volunteers + National Guardsmen = American
Expeditionary Force (AEP)
B.
Convoy System (Consisted of unarmed ships surrounded by a
ring of destroyers, torpedo boats, + other naval vessels)
1.
Used for safe passage of military + supplies across the
Atlantic
2.
Torpedo boats were equipped to track + destroy
submarines
Ending the War
A.
Nov. 1917 Russian Rev. (Bolsheviks/Communists) took Russia
out of the war. Germany now devotes all resources to the
Western Front.
B.
Mar 1918 all out German offensive
C.
Allied counter attack
1.
Battle of Amiens (Aug 1918)-allied forces stop German
offensive
2.
Battle of St.Mihiel –Gen. Pershing led American offensive
3.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive-(Sept-Oct 1918) final Allied
offensive that led to the armistice
Armistice (an agreement to stop fighting)
A.
Nov 11, 1918
B.
Kaiser flees to Holland
C.
50,000 American deaths
D.
8 million total deaths.