MS. JANDA’S OPUS
c 1996 Joan Janda
It’s
-é
-aste
-ó
-amos
-aron
And
-í
-iste
-ió
-imos
(for REGULAR –AR verbs only;
not estar, not andar))
(for REGULAR -ER and –IR verbs only;
not poner, not poder, not querer, not hacer,
not venir, not tener, not decir, not traer, not ir,
not “ser”))
-ieron
And
-e
-iste
-o
-imos
-ieron
(for ALL IRREGULAR verbs on this sheet:
saber, poner, poder, querer, hacer, venir, tener, decir, traer,
ser, ir)
(except after J-, then just -ERON)
And we have SABER, which goes to SUPAnd we have PONER, which goes to PUSAnd then there is PUD- for PODER,
Which will take you anywhere.
For QUERER, it’s QUISFor HACER, it’s HIC(HIZO for el/ ella/ Ud.)
If he came, then we’d have VINO
(VENIR—VIN-)
For TENER, it’s TUVFor ANDAR, ANDUVAnd then for ESTAR, you get ESTUVFor DECIR, it’s DIJFor TRAER, it’s TRAJDon’t forget it, you’ll lose credit!
For DECIR, it’s DIJ-, for TRAER, it’s TRAJ-
And now for the part that tickles my heart.
VER
It’s called the Preterit
It’s the tense you can’t forget
It’s for what begins and ends
It’s for uninterrupted, one-time events.
vi
viste
vio
vimos
Vieron
Then, we have dear “IR” and “SER”
They share just one form:
Yo fui, tu fuiste, y el fue,
Then there’s fuimos and fueron
Once again, fui, fuiste, fue,
And fuimos, ellos fueron
Once again, FUI, FUISTE, FUE,
and nosotros FUIMOS, ellos FUERON.
Now verbs ending in -CAR, -GAR and –ZAR
These, too, have a change of form
But remember that it’s only in Yo,
Yes, only in Yo form.
DAR
di
diste
dio
dimos
dieron
For SACAR, saqué, Q-U-E (accent!)
For JUGAR, jugué, G-U-E (accent!)
For LANZAR, lancé, that’s C-E (accent!)
You can’t have Z before an E.
PLEASE NOTE: -IR SHOE VERBS will change stem in the
Preterit tense but ONLY in the THIRD PERSON (EL/ELLOS form); the
stem change in Preterite will now be to one letter only, either U (not UE) or I (not
IE).
Examples: DORMIR: dormí
dormimos
dormiste,
*durmió, *durmieron
MEDIR: medí
mediste
*midió
medimos
*midieron
ALSO NOTE: Anytime there is an UNACCENTED I between two vowels in Spanish, you
have to change the I to a Y
The Present Indicative
c2007 Joan Janda
Oh the Present Indicative’s easy
But the –OY verbs might strike you as cheesy.
They’re SOY, DOY, VOY, ESTOY
In the YO form
Of SER, DAR, IR, and Yes, of ESTAR.
For SABER, it’s yo SE,
Don’t forget it!
For CONOCER, yo CONOZCO,
Don’t fret it!
Pay attention, I know you will get it,
And remember your SHOE VERBS, please God!
There are SHOE VERBS where O goes to UE;
There are SHOE VERBS where E goes to IE;
There are SHOE VERBS where E goes to
Just I, but must I
Remind you that WE (the NOSOTROS form)* won’t change stem?
“We” won’t change
“We” be tough
It’s a Mexican custom to back off of NOSOTROS
And there use the original stem!
–AR verbs, they all have their own endings:
–O, -AS, -A, -AMOS, -AN, in that order;
-O, -ES, -E, –EMOS, -EN for the –ERs;
-O, -ES, -E, –IMOS, –EN for -IRs.
Just take heed!
And don’t speed,
It’s really quite simple:
Learn which are your SHOE VERBS
And which are your –GO verbs. Oh dear!
It’s yo TENGO, yo HAGO, yo PONGO,
OIGO, DIGO, VENGO, and yo SALGO,
For TENER, HACER, PONER, etc.,
with this song, you will get them down pat.
There are just two, two more verbs,
to discuss yet:
They are VER and JUGAR, did you know?
They are both oddball verbs:
It’s yo VEO, tu VES,
and yo JUEGO, tu JUEGAS, okay?
Just beware
And take care
It’s a Mexican custom
To grab tourists and bust them
For killing their language, which is only fair!
As for me, you’ll see I’m even tougher.
Broken Spanish I just can not suffer.
It’s like nails on a blackboard, but rougher,
And by now you should know that I’ll
Strangle you so
Don’t mess up your endings, that’s that -Or with the Mexicans I’ll dance on your hat!
TENER (tengo)
PONER (pongo)
VENIR (vengo)
HACER (hago)
DECIR (digo)
OIR (oigo)
SALIR (salgo)
TRAER (traigo)
Interrogative Review Song (Jingle Bells)
¿Por qué? =
¿Cuándo? =
¿Qué?
=
¿Dónde? =
¿Cuánto? =
¿Cuántos? =
¿Quién (es)? =
¿Cómo?
=
¿Cuál?
=
Why?
When?
What?
Where?
How much?
How many?
Who (is there?) (Plural: ¿Quiénes?)
How?
Which one?
(Plural: ¿Cuáles? = )
Days of the week in Mon.-Sun. Order (Are You Sleeping?)
lunes, martes (2x)
miércoles (2X)
jueves y viernes (2X)
sábado, domingo (2X)
The Accent Song
How do you crack the code of Spanish accents?
How do you figure out where they belong?
And how are you supposed to know
Just where they’re supposed to go?
It seems like I just always seem to get them wrong!
Well, here are the rules that rule those Spanish accents.
Learn them just once and then you’ll never get them wrong.
The first thing to know is that at most there’ll be one (accent),
Never more than one in any word.
And accents just never go on anything but a vowel (a,e,i,o,u).
Often, it’s to stress the weak vowel in a diphthong*;
Remember that u and i are the weak vowels
and only an accent can make them strong.
And accents aren’t decorative, they’re functional.
Every accent will either change stress or change meaning.
They’re either necessary or they’re wrong.
*A diphthong is formed when either an “I “or a “U” is next to (either in front of or behind) one of the
strong vowels (an “A”, “E”, or “O”), so that the weak vowel is overpowered and barely heard.
Examples of diphthongs are the “IE” vowel grouping in the word “FIESTA” and the “IA” grouping in the
word “GRACIAS”. The E in “FIESTA” overpowers the ‘I’ there and the second “A” in “GRACIAS”
overpowers the “I” that precedes that “A”.
PRESENT PERFECT
c 2003 Joan Janda
PRESENT PERFECT is a PAST TENSE
used for what someone HAS DONE
But it’s compound, made of two parts
So it doubles all your fun.
Start with HABER in the Present:
HE, HAS, HA, and HEMOS, HAN.
Finish with PAST PARTICIPLE
OF THE MAIN VERB, then you’re done.
For the main verb, drop the
-AR, -ER, -IR and replace
with -ADO for -AR verbs
and -IDO for the rest.
Examples:
CANTAR
he cantado
has cantado
ha cantado
hemos cantado
han cantado
SER
he sido
has sido
ha sido
hemos sido
han sido
VIVIR
Sure, there are a few exceptions,
but not for -AR verbs this time;
for HACER, instead use HECHO,
for DECIR, DICHO is right.
For VER, it’s VISTO,
PONER, it’s PUESTO,
ROMPER ROTO,
MORIR MUERTO,
ABRIR ABIERTO,
(DES)CUBRIR (DES)CUBIERTO,
(DE)VOLVER (DE)VUELTO,
almost done!
ESCRIBIR becomes ESCRITO,
Now that’s twelve that you have learned.
HAN APRENDIDO doce verbos
y HA TERMINADO la cancion.
he vivido
has vivido
ha vivido
hemos vivido
han vivido
VER
he visto
has visto
ha visto
hemos visto
han visto
IR
he ido
has ido
ha ido
hemos ido
han ido
HACER (irregular)
he hecho
has hecho
ha hecho
hemos hecho
han hecho
VOLVER (irregular)
he vuelto
has vuelto
ha vuelto
hemos vuelto
han vuelto
DAR
he dado
diste
dio
dimos
dieron
VER
vi
viste
vio
vimos
vieron
THE COMMAND SONG
c 2003 Joan Janda
For all commands
EXCEPT tu affirmative (Tu+),
start with the YO form
of Present Tense.
Take off the -O and
then make your VOWEL SWITCH:
(-AR verbs -E; -ER/-IR A);
Finish with personal endings:
You may need -S (for tu- form) or -N (for Uds.)
ONLY 5 VERBS
serve as exceptions:
the 4 -OY verbs
and then SABER.
IR starts with VAYA (Ud.)
SABER with SEPA (Ud.)
ESTAR ESTE (Ud.)
DAR DE (Ud.)
SER SEA (Ud.)
-CAR, -GAR, and –ZAR verbs
will change their spelling
like in the YO form
of Preterit tense.
For -CAR: -Q-U-E (no accent),
for -GAR: -G-U-E (no accent),
for -ZAR: it’s –C-E (no accent),
That’s it for the rest!
COMMAND practice
1) No me _______________________ tu! (ESCUCHAR)
2) ________________________ Uds.! (ACOSTARSE)
3) _____________________ Uds. el precio de esto! (MIRAR)
4) No __________________ Ud. la ropa aquí! (PONER)
5) _______________________ Uds. la cena! (SERVIR)
6) ______________________ Uds. a la playa! (CONDUCIR)
7) No me lo ______________________ tu! (DECIR)
8) ____________________ el problema Ud.! (EXPLICARME)
9) ________________ los papeles a la profesora, Uds.! (DAR)
10) No ______________________ tu! (DORMIRSE)
11) No ________________________ Uds.! (CORRER)
12) ______________ bien Ud.! (PENSAR)
13) _________________ el articulo tu! (LEERME)
15) ____________________ Ud. ahora (EMPEZARLO).
16) ____________________ (TERMINARLO) Uds.!
17) _____________________(COLGARLO) tu!
18) _____________________ (CAMBIARSELO) Uds.!
19) _____________________ (LEERLO) Ud.!
20) No _____________________ (COMENZARLO) tu!
THE IMPERFECT SONG
c2000 Joan Janda
Oh, the IMPERFECT,
Yes, the IMPERFECT,
Is the very simplest tense.
When conjugating, it’s not frustrating,
It’s the most regular tense!
You drop the ending of the infinitive,
Just like you do most of the time.
Then add the endings of the IMPERFECT.
There’s only two sets now this time.
For -AR verbs, use the –ABA endings:
-ABA, -ABAS, -ABA and
-ABAMOS, -ABAN
And there you have it
For every –AR verb, my friend.
-ER and -IR verbs share their endings:
-IA, -IAS, -IA and
-IAMOS, -IAN
(write in the accents!)
And we’re almost at the end.
IR, SER, and VER are the lone exceptions
But they’re really easy, too.
For in their YO form they’re:
IBA, ERA, and VEIA, now try TU
As for the SHOE VERBS, well the IMPERFECT,
It just kicks them in the butt,
For they don’t change here, they’re no longer Shoe Verbs,
And there’s no Ifs, Ands, or Buts.
As for the uses of the IMPERFECT:
it’s for actions incomplete,
And for old habits and past descriptions:
weather, age, time, feelings, date!
THE IMPERFECT SONG
c2000 Joan Janda
Oh, the IMPERFECT,
Yes, the IMPERFECT,
Is the very simplest tense.
When conjugating, it’s not frustrating,
It’s the most regular tense!
You___________________________,
Just like you do________________.
Then________________________.
There’s only___________________.
For _____________verbs,___________________:
____________, ________________, ______________and
______________, ___________________
And there you have it
For__________________, my friend.
_____________and ______________share___________________:
_____________, ______________, _______________and
___________________, ____________________
(write in the accents!)
And we’re almost at the end.
_________, _________and __________ are _________
But they’re really easy, too.
For in their _____________they’re:
__________, __________ and __________, now try “__________”
As for the__________________, well the IMPERFECT,
It just ________________________,
For they__________________, they’re like the others,
And there’s no Ifs, Ands, or Buts.
__________________________________incomplete,
And for__________________ and __________________:
________, _________, ____________, _____________, _____________!
Me llamo _________________________
IMPERFECT practice
1. Ella ______________(SER) muy joven y bonita.
2) El senor Salas siempre _________________________ la cena para su mujer. (COCINAR)
3) Ella ____________________ una paella los martes. (PREPARAR)
4) Ella ______________al supermercado todos los martes. (IR)
5) Ayer ____________________ mucho frio afuera. (HACER)
6) Los chicos siempre ________________________en el jardin. (JUGAR)
7) Ella ____________________________ir a la playa. (PENSAR)
8) La clase siempre _________________________ a las diez los martes. (COMENZAR)
9) El ___________________ besar a su novia. (QUERER)
10) Ella _____________________muy bien de salud. (VERSE)
FINAL ANSWERS: NO CROSS_OUTS HERE!!!
1___________________________
2___________________________
3___________________________
4.__________________________
5___________________________
6___________________________
7___________________________
8___________________________
9___________________________
10__________________________
Me llamo_____________________________
Nota__________%
Fill in the blanks with the correct conjugation of the IMPERFECT:
1) Los ninos _____________________ no la tarifa del autobús. (PAGAR)
2) Lo dificil________________________ en investigar a su esposa. (CONSISTIR)
3) Los soldados ________________________ cartas de nuestros estudiantes. (RECIBIR)
4) El no ___________________________ nada honesto. (SER)
5) Los abuelos _______________________________ en casa con su hijo mayor. (VIVIR)
6) Ella ________________a comprender los problemas de sus alumnos. (COMENZAR)
7) En ese caso, ella __________________________ (VOLVER) a casa con el.
8) Yo nunca _________________________la respuesta (SABER)
9) Ella ___________________ doce anos en aquel entonces. (TENER)
10) El siempre ______________________ de buen humor. (ESTAR)
FINAL ANSWERS: NO CROSS_OUTS HERE!!!
1_________________________
2_________________________
3_________________________
4._________________________
5__________________________
6__________________________
7__________________________
8__________________________
9__________________________
10_________________________
EL FUTURO EN ESPANOL
c 1999 Joan Janda
For future conversations,
You’ll need this conjugation.
It won’t cause perspiration,
El futuro en español.
For all but just a few verbs,
Be they old or new verbs,
Just add your personal endings:
-E, -AS, -A, -EMOS, -AN.
DROP NOTHING,
NOT EVEN THE –AR;
KEEP –ER, and -IR.
But bear in mind that
VENIR, TENER, PONER, and SALIR
Are four of your exceptions:
Their last vowel goes to –D:
VENDRE, TENDRE, PONDRE, SALDRE.
And DECIR goes to DIRE,
Like HACER goes to HARE,
The E gets lost in PODER,
SABER, QUERER, ole!
For all but just a few verbs,
Be they old or new verbs,
Just add your personal endings:
-E, -AS, -A, -EMOS, -AN.
DROP NOTHING, etc.
FUTURE TENSE practice
1) Yo _____________________ la tarea. (HACER)
2) Mi padre me __________________ el perro. (COMPRAR)
3) Los estudiantes ________________ al parque. (IR)
4) La gente ___________________ a las seis. (LLEGAR)
5) Mi jefe me _______________ manana. (PAGAR)
6) Jose ______________ la respuesta. (SABER)
7) El profesor __________________ hacerlo. (PODER)
8) Ellos __________________ el coche. (VENDER)
9) Mi novio __________________ probarlo. (QUERER)
10) Ellos __________________ la mesa. (PONER)
11) Julio no ____________________ a la fiesta. (VENIR)
12) Para manana, yo _________________ el dinero. (TENER)
13) El no me ______________ la verdad. (DECIR)
14) Ellos __________juntos por primera vez manana. (SALIR)
15) Los novios _________________ el mayo que viene. (CASARSE)
16) Lo dificil _________________ explicarselo a los estudiantes. (SER)
17) La mayoria ____________________ el libro en mano. (TENER)
18) Todo el mundo _____________________ participar. (QUERER)
19) Ella no _________________ nada por el. (HACER)
20) Los hombres _____________________ el rio manana. (PESCAR)
GUSTAR-TYPE VERBS
(c Joan Janda 2005)
GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the rest
They always have ME, TE, LE, NOS, LES before them
And they’ll be on your test.
The trick to remember is to conjugate this way:
In EL form or ELLOS, the subject will follow,
Me gusta el espanol.
OTHER verbs like these include FALTAR, BASTAR,
PARECER, ENCANTAR, ABURRIR, and DOLER,
TOCAR, and SORPRENDER.
Still, there are others, too, like INTERESAR,
IMPORTAR, FASCINAR and SOBRAR.
There are several as you can see.
Now, to demonstrate:
A ti te toca hablar.
Nos faltan dos libros.
Me sorprende su edad.
Les aburre esperar.
_____________________________________________________________
GUSTAR=to be pleasing
FALTAR=to be lacking
BASTAR= to be enough
PARECER=to seem
ENCANTAR=to be fascinating
ABURRIR=to be boring; DOLER=to be painful
TOCAR=to be someone’s turn
SOBRAR=to be more than enough, have leftovers
INTERESAR=to be interesting
IMPORTAR= to matter
SORPRENDER=to be surprising
FASCINAR=to be fascinating
PLACER=to be pleasing; HACER FALTA=to be missing/lacking;
EXTRANAR=to be surprising; to miss (someone)
GUSTAR-TYPE VERBS
(c Joan Janda 2005)
GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the rest
They always have _____________________________before them
And they’ll be on your test.
The trick to remember is to conjugate this way:
In_________________________________________:
_________________________.
OTHER verbs like these include___________________________,
and DOLER, ___________________________________________
______________________________________.
Still, there are others, too, like _______________________
_____________________________________________________________
Now, to demonstrate:
____________________________________(It’s your turn to talk)
____________________________________(We’re missing two books.)
____________________________________(Her age surprises me.)
____________________________________(To wait bores them.)
GUSTAR=___________________________FALTAR=__________________________
BASTAR= ___________________________PARECER=________________________
ENCANTAR= _______________________ABURRIR__________________________
DOLER=____________________________TOCAR=___________________________
SOBRAR=___________________________INTERESAR=______________________
IMPORTAR=________________________ SORPRENDER=____________________
FASCINAR= ___________________ _____PLACER= _________________________
HACER
FALTA=_____________________________EXTRANAR=______________________
THE CONDITIONAL TENSE
c2008 Joan Janda
The Conditional’s the sexy tense
Used to tell the circumstance
You’d need to do it.
(Yes, to do it.)
Listen to me
Or you will rue it. (rue=regret)
I’ll tell you what
You’d need to do,
In order to get follow through:
You’d need the Conditional,
Which starts with the Infinitive,
To which you would add the “-IA” endings.
So take nothing off!
(Keep your hat on!)
Don’t drop a thing
(Keep your shirt on!)
Hold your horses
Keep the –AR/-ER/ –IR ending on it!
Now for your finale, yeah,
Add your –IA endings, Babe*
For every verb (-AR, -ER, and -IR)
Regular or not, you’ll use the -IA endings
As for Irregulars verbs,
They’re the same as the Future’s:
PONERand SALIR, TENER and VENIR
the last vowel changed, changed to a “D” now.
That’s right, Baby!
Other verbs to watch out for are:
SABER, QUERER, PODER, HACER,
DECIR, and HABER, which all lose their last vowel
(while DECIR and HACER will drop their “C”, too)
*-IA, -IAS, -IA, -IAMOS, -IAN
CONDITIONAL TENSE practice
1) Yo _____________________ la tarea. (HACER)
2) Mi padre me __________________ el perro. (COMPRAR)
3) Los estudiantes ________________ al parque. (IR)
4) La gente ___________________ a las seis. (LLEGAR)
5) Mi jefe me _______________ manana. (PAGAR)
6) Jose ______________ la respuesta. (SABER)
7) El profesor __________________ hacerlo. (PODER)
8) Ellos __________________ el coche. (VENDER)
9) Mi novio __________________ probarlo. (QUERER)
10) Ellos __________________ la mesa. (PONER)
11) Julio no ____________________ a la fiesta. (VENIR)
12) Para manana, yo _________________ el dinero. (TENER)
13) El no me ______________ la verdad. (DECIR)
14) Ellos __________juntos por primera vez manana. (SALIR)
15) Los novios _________________ en mayo. (CASARSE)
16) Ellos ________________________ al ajedrez. (JUGAR)
17) Los chicos _____________________ a la cafeteria. (IR)
18) La secretaria ____________________ tarde. (LLEGAR)
19) Ella _________________ con el. (SALIR)
20) Nosotros ____________________ para alli. (CONDUCIR)
THE “OOPA, OOPA” OPERA
c Joan Janda 1996, 2000, 2003, 2007, originally under the title of “The Corn Opera,”
all rights reserved
A COLORFUL COLLECTION
OF CRAZY CANCIONES
TO CONJUGATE EL CASTELLANO CORRECTLY
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE SONG
(c Joan Janda, 2000)
The progressive is the _______________
Used for __________________________
It always starts out with ___________!
Remember this and you’ll go far.
Second half?
It’s a cinch; it just appears
Inch by inch,
ooooohhhhh…..
The verb ____________ goes “yo ______________.”
And then we have “___________________ tu.”
-AR verbs are just like that;
Nothing hard, they’re really phat.
Just like that, really phat.
They’re a cinch, inch by inch,
NO EXCEPTIONS (all _____________________).
_____________ verbs are just a little different,
Instead of _____________, __________ is their _____________
The good news is that just ______________
Has the nerve to ___________________.
All the rest are like ________________,*
Nothing _____________________,
Hooray for our side.
_____________ verbs are formed the same as _____________;
For __________________ PLEASE STAY ON YOUR TOES!
__________________ WILL CHANGE STEM;
Don’t forget or it’s the end!
For dormir, ___________________
For morir, ________________
For sentir, ___________________
For decir, ________________
For mentir, ____________________
For pedir, ______________
For servir,_____________________
For repetir, __________________
For medir, __________________
The Progressive,
It’s a helluva tense!
IN THE (SUBJUNCTIVE) MOOD
c2007 Joan Janda
Gotta learn Subjunctive ‘cause without it, I’ll fail
Plus I really love it ‘cause the mood, it does wail
It’s made for
GUSTAR-TYPE VERB CONJUGATION
cJoan Janda 2005
GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the rest
They always have ME, TE, LE, NOS, LES before them
And they’ll be on your test.
The trick to remember is to conjugate this way:
In EL form or ELLOS
(the subject usually follows):
Me gusta el espanol.
Other verbs like these include:
FALTAR, BASTAR,
PARECER, ABURRIR, ENCANTAR, SORPRENDER,
SOBRAR, and then DOLER (ue).
Still, there are others, too:
QUEDAR, TOCAR, PLACER:
Me quedan billetes.
Te toca hablar.
Le place ayudar.
Vocabulary:
Faltar = to be lacking (for someone)
Bastar= to be enough, to suffice (for someone)
Parecer= to seem (to someone)
Aburrir= to be boring (to someone)
Interesar= to be interesting (to someone)
Encantar= to be charming or delightful (to someone)
Sobrar= to be more than enough (for someone)
Doler= to be painful (to someone)
Quedar=to be left over (for someone)
Tocar= to be a turn (for someone)
Placer= to be pleasing (to someone)
GUSTAR-TYPE VERB CONJUGATION
cJoan Janda 2005
GUSTAR-TYPE verbs are so different from the rest
They always have___, ____, _____, ______, ________ before them
And they’ll be on your test.
The trick to remember is to conjugate this way:
In _________or _________
(the ____________usually___________):
________________________.
Other verbs like these include:
_____________, ______________,
______________, ____________, ______________, __________________,
______________, and then ___________________.
Still, there are others, too:
____________, _____________,_________________:
_____________________.
______________________.
______________________.
Vocabulary:
_____________________ = to be lacking (for someone)
______________________= to be enough, to suffice (for someone)
______________________= to seem (to someone)
______________________= to be boring (to someone)
______________________= to be interesting (to someone)
______________________=to be charming or delightful (to someone)
______________________= to be more than enough (for someone)
______________________= to be painful (to someone)
______________________=to be left over (for someone)
______________________= to be a turn (for someone)
______________________= to be pleasing (to someone)
Translate into Spanish USING A GUSTAR-TYPE VERB. ANSWER
ONLY TEN (10) OUT OF THE TWELVE (12). FIRST WORK OUT
YOUR ANSWERS IN THE SCRAP AREA BELOW:
SCRAP AREA
1) His arm hurts. _____________________________________________
2) I need a plate. _____________________________________________
3) He has too many coins. ______________________________________
4) We like to read. ____________________________________________
5) They have more than enough food. ____________________________
6) You (my friend) have enough time. ____________________________
7) It’s my turn to answer. _____________________________________
8) It bores her. _______________________________________________
9) Spain delights me. __________________________________________
10) They interest her. __________________________________________
11) It seems difficult to us.______________________________________
12) They like to dance. ________________________________________
Me llamo _____________________
Nota:______%
B?
G?
Conjugate correctly the following verbs in Present Progressive:
1. Ella ______________
______________________. (comenzar)
2. Nosotros __________
__________________ . (perder)
3. Tu ___
_______________
4. Yo _________
____________________.
___________________
5. Ella ________________
6. Jose ___________
(sentarse)
la verdad. (decir)
____________________. (server)
__________________ las ventanas. (medir)
7. Los muchachos. ___________
__________________. (salir)
8. Ud. _______
________________.(repetirse)
______________
9. Ella ____________
____________________. (leer)
10. Uds. _____________ ______________________. (dormir)
The Present Indicative
c2007 Joan Janda
Oh the Present Indicative’s easy
But the –OY verbs might strike you as cheesy.
They’re SOY, DOY, VOY, ESTOY
In the Yo form
Of SER, DAR, IR, and Yes, of ESTAR.
For SABER, it’s yo SE,
Don’t forget it!
For CONOCER, yo CONOZCO,
Don’t fret it!
Pay attention, I know you will get it,
And remember your SHOE VERBS, please God!
There are SHOE VERBS where O goes to UE;
There are SHOE VERBS where E goes to IE;
There are SHOE VERBS where E goes to
Just “I”, but must I
Remind you that WE (the NOSOTROS form)* won’t change stem?
“We” won’t change
“We” be tough
It’s a Mexican custom to back off of NOSOTROS
And there use the original stem!
–AR verbs, they all have their own endings:
–O, -AS, -A, -AMOS, -AN, in that order;
-O, -ES, -E, –EMOS, -EN for the –ERs;
-O, -ES, -E, –IMOS, –EN for -IRs.
Just take heed!
And don’t speed,
It’s really quite simple:
Learn which are your SHOE VERBS
And which are your –GO verbs. Oh dear!
It’s yo TENGO, yo HAGO, yo PONGO,
OIGO, DIGO, VENGO, and yo SALGO,
For TENER, HACER, PONER, etc.,
with this song, you will get them down pat.
There are just two, two more verbs,
to discuss yet:
They are VER and JUGAR, did you know?
They are both oddball verbs:
It’s yo VEO, tu VES,
and yo JUEGO, tu JUEGAS, okay?
Just beware
And take care
It’s a Mexican custom
To grab tourists and bust them
For killing their language (it’s fair)!
As for me, you’ll see I’m even tougher.
Broken Spanish I just can not suffer.
It’s like nails on a blackboard, but rougher,
And by now you should know that I’ll
Strangle you so
Don’t mess up your endings, that’s that -Or with the Mexicans I’ll dance on your hat!
TENER (tengo)
PONER (pongo)
VENIR (vengo)
HACER (hago)
DECIR (digo)
OIR (oigo)
SALIR (salgo)
TRAER (traigo)
The Present Indicative
c2007 Joan Janda
Oh the Present Indicative’s easy
But the _______________verbs might strike you as cheesy.
They’re _____________, ________, _________, _________
In the _______form
Of ______, ______, _____ and Yes, of _______.
For____________, it’s yo _____,
Don’t forget it, for ____________, yo_____________,
Don’t fret it!
Pay attention, I know you will get it,
And remember your_____________, please God!
There are ____________where ________goes to__________;
There are _____________where ________goes to __________;
There are ____________where ________goes to
Just “_______”, but must I
Remind you that _________(the ___________form)* won’t change
stem?
“______________won’t change
_____________be tough
It’s a Mexican custom to back off of NOSOTROS
And there use the original stem!
____________, they all have their own endings:
________________________, in that order;
___________________for the______________;
_______________________for_____________.
Just take heed!
And don’t speed,
It’s really quite simple:
Learn which are your _____________
And which are your _________verbs. Oh dear!
It’s yo _________________, and yo _________________,
For__________________________, etc.,
with this song, you will get them down pat.
There are just two, two more verbs,
to discuss yet:
They are _________and_____________, did you know?
They are both oddball verbs:
It’s yo_________, tu_________,
and yo___________, tu__________, okay?
Just beware
And take care
It’s a Mexican custom
To grab tourists and bust them
For killing their language (it’s fair)!
As for me, you’ll see I’m even tougher.
Broken Spanish I just can not suffer.
It’s like nails on a blackboard, but rougher,
And by now you should know that I’ll
Strangle you so
Don’t mess up your endings, that’s that -Or with the Mexicans I’ll dance on your hat!
THE SUBJUNCTIVE
cJoan Janda 2003
excerpt from The Corn Opera, a work in progress
The Subjunctive, the Subjunctive
Works like this: Listen up!
You need a change of subject,
Like from TU to ELLOS
And QUE to join the two.
Yes, you do!
The second condition
Is a little different:
A WEDDING VERB (2X)
Of Wishing or Wanting,
Emotion or Desire,
Doubt, Denial, or Importance,
Negation or Need.
Other WEDDING verbs are Impersonal Expressions
Like OJALA or ES BUENO,
Or verbs of Need, Negation, Necessity or Governing Commands
Like Mandar or Exigir.
Now to form it,
Take the YO form of Present Tense
And drop the –O ending
Follow with your vowel switch:
To –E for –AR verbs; and –A for ER/-IR verbs
And add personal endings (2x)
There are only six irregulars:
DAR, IR, SER, SABER, HABER, ESTAR.
They’re: DE, VAYA, SEA, SEPA,
HAYA and ESTE.
That’s the deal.
Time to get real.
IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE (MOOD)
(c 2003 Joan Janda)
The Subjunctive, the Subjubctive
Works like this, listen up:
You need a change of subjet,
Like from Tu to ELLOS,
And QUE t join the two,
Yes, yu do.
The second condition is a little different:
A WEDDING”verb, a WEDDING verb,
Of WISHING or WANTING,
EMOTION OR DESIRE,
DOUBT, DENIAL or IMPORTANCE.
Other WEDDING VERBS
are Impersonal Expressions like
OJALA, or ES BUENO.
Or verbs of NEED, NEGATION,
NECESSITY or GOVERNING COMMANDS
Like MANDAR or EXIGIR.
Now to form it
Take the Yo form of present tense
And drop the “-O”
And drop the “ –O”
Then you make the vowel switch
To “-E” for “-AR” verbs
And “-A” for –ER/-IR
Plus personal endings.
There are only 5 irregulars:
DAR, IR, SER,
Me llamo _______________________________
Conjugue en el PRETERITO , como se indica:
1. Yo ___________________________ (SABER)
2.
Ellos _________________________ (HACER)
3.
Nosotros _____________________(HACER)
4. Tu ____________________________(DIVERTIRSE)
5. El grupo ______________________(ANDAR)
6. Nosotros ______________________ (PONER)
7. Ellos __________________________(QUERER)
8. Yo ____________________________(COLGAR)
9.
Los alumnos ___________________ (IR)
10. Uds. __________________________(ESTAR)
11. Tus primos ____________________(TENER)
12. Yo ___________________________ (MARCAR)
13. Tu ___________________________(PODER)
14. Yo __________________________ (EMPEZAR)
15.
Nosotros _____________________(ALMORZAR)
16. Ella __________________________(TRAER)
17. Tu ___________________________(VENIR)
18. Yo ___________________________(SENTARSE)
19. Nosotros _____________________ (VOLVER)
20. El maestro ____________________(DECIR)
Me llamo ______________________ Nota: _________%
Fill in the blanks with the sppropriate forms of the verbs in
parentheses:
1. Ella insiste en que su novia le _____________ con la boda.
(ayudar)
2. Seria imposible que yo _____________ a tiempo (llegar)
3. El se cree el muchacho mas guapo del mundo pero yo dudo
que el _______________ novia. (tener)
4. Es menester _______________ lo suficiente para pagar los
gastos domesticos, la comida, y mucho mas.
5-6. No cabe duda de que el ___________________ una chica
que _______________ muy especial. (buscar, ser)
7. Era facil que yo ________________ lo que tu buscabas.
(encontrar)
8. Su padre le habia dicho a su hijo que el
____________________ el tanque del coche de gasolina. (llenar)
9. Claro esta que ella _________________ (estar) enferma.
10. Yo pagaria un millon de dolares pero la casa
____________ aun mas. (costar)
Me llamo ______________________ Nota: ________%
La plaza principal de la Ciudad de Mexico se llama