Freshmen Final Review Sheet
Chapter 1: Foundations of Civilization
Paleolithic Era – lifestyle, tools, beliefs
Neolithic Revolution
Artifacts
Historians
Geologists
Chapter 2: Ancient Middle East and Egypt
River Valley Civilizations
Nile River
Pharaohs
Hieroglyphics
Pyramids
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Cuneiform writing
Hammurabi
Ziggurats
"Carriers of Civilization"
Hittites
Lydians
Hebrews
Chapters 3 Early Civilization and Empires in India and China
"Mandate of Heaven"
Yellow River
Confucianism
Buddhism
Taoism
Legalism
Hinduism
Great Wall
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
Caste System
Civil Service Exam
Silk Road
Chapter 4 Ancient Greece
City states
Geography
Alexander the Great
Democracy
Direct Democracy
Olympics
Athens
Sparta
Age of Pericles
Chapter 5 Ancient Rome & Christianity
Roman law
Republic
Herodotus
Punic Wars
Christianity
Pax Romana
Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire
Chapter 6 Civilizations of the Americas
Bering Strait Land Bridge
Aztec
Maya
Inca
Spanish conquest (also Ch. 15)
Macchu Picchu
Chapter 7 The Rise of Europe
Feudalism
Manor economy
Vassals
Knights
Merchant guilds
Chapter 8 The High Middle Ages
Lay investiture
Magna Carta
Black Death
Crusades
Chapter 9 The Byzantine Empire & Russia
Byzantine Empire influence on Russia
Ivan the Terrible
Eastern Orthodox Church
Mongols
Justinian
Roman law preserved
Chapter 10 The Muslim World
Five Pillars of Islam
Koran
Hegira
Muhammad
Sunnis
Shiites
Chapter 11 Africa
Cultural Diffusion
Climate zones
Gold-salt trade
Mansa Musa
Patrilineal
Matrilineal
East African trading states
Zimbabwe
Chapter 12 Spread of civilization in East Asia
Marco Polo
Kublai Khan
Korea and cultural diffusion
Ethnocentrism
Samurai
Bushido
Shogun
Chapter 13 The Renaissance and Reformation
Italian city-states
Humanism
Classical design
Johann Gutenberg
Abuses in the church
John Calvin
Martin Luther
Henry VIII
Nicolaus Copernicus
Chapter 15 & 16: The Beginnings of Our Global Age
New technology
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treatment of the Indians (India)
European countries which encouraged exploration
Slavery
Disease
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Sir Francis Drake
English Colonies in North America
Spanish Colonies in South America
Mercantilism
Chapter 17 The Age of Absolutism
Divine Right of Kings
Peter the Great
Catherine the Great
Louis XIV
Phillip of Spain
THEMES FOR ESSAY QUESTION
1) Geography
a.
Name 10 geographic features that can help or hurt a location. Be sure to specify if it is
a positive or a negative
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2) Religion
a.
Name 10 religions that we studied in the cultures we spoke about this year. Note if
any of them are related to another religion.
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3) Important People
a. List 10 important people that had powerful influences on the cultures we spoke about
his year. What did they do? Was it positive or negative?
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4) Golden Ages
a. List 7 Golden ages we have spoken about this year. What were the accomplishments
of this age?
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5) Conflicts
a.
List 7 important conflicts within or with other cultures which we have spoken about
this year. What was the end result? How did this help or hurt the civilization in the
long run?
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6) Governments
a.
List 7 types of government which we have studied this year. How did the
characteristics of that civilization help the government to develop?
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