Substance Use:
Medicines and Drugs
Chapters 21, 22, 23:
The Role of Medicines, Drug Use-A High Risk Behavior, Marijuana,
Inhalants, Steroids, Psychoactive Drugs, Living Drug Free
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What are 4 categories of medicine?
What is the difference between a drug
and a medicine?
Define Prescription Drug.
Define OTC drugs.
Define vaccine, anti-viral, drug
interaction, analgesic, tolerance and
withdrawal.
Answer and Define
Those that prevent disease
2. Those that fight pathogens
3. Those that relieve pain
4. Those that restore health and regulate
body systems
1.
Medicines: 4
Categories
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Medicines are drugs that are used to
treat or prevent disease or other
conditions
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Drugs are substances other than food
that change the structure and function of
the brain
All Medicines are drugs, but not all
drugs are medicines.
Classification of
Medicines
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Vaccine
Antiviral, Antifungal
Analgesic (Pain Reliever): Aspirin,
Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen
Additive Interaction, Synergistic effect,
Antagonistic interaction
Tolerance, Withdrawal
Medicine Terminology
Prescription MedicinesFDA rules that certain drugs must be
prescribed by a licensed physician and
dispensed by a licensed pharmacist.
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicinesFDA considers these drugs safe to use
without medical supervision and may be
purchased without a prescription.
Medicine Safety
“No one starts using drugs with the
intention of becoming addicted”
Substance abuse
Any unnecessary or improper use of
chemical substances for nonmedical
reasons
Drug Use: A High Risk Behavior
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Diane Shuler, John Daly, Michael, Heath,
Amy
What went wrong???????????????
You?
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Do you or will you have a problem with a
drug?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Peer Pressure
Family Members
Role Models
Media Messages
Perceptions
Factors that influence
decisions about drugs
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Advertisements
Media Messages and Perception
Kristina's Addiction
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Experimentation
Tolerance
Psychological Dependence
Physiological Dependence
Addiction
Understanding the Addiction
Cycle
What’s the Research on usage of selected
substances for 12thgraders? (CDC)
 Cigarettes
 Marijuana
 Cocaine
 Inhalants
 Ecstasy
 Alcohol
From 1980 to 2003
Everybody’s Doing
It!
Substance
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1980 2003
Cigarettes
Marijuana
Cocaine
Inhalants
MDMA(Ecstasy)
Alcohol
Partner Activity: Give an
Estimate for each substance
and year
CDC Statistics From 1980 to 2003
Substance
1980
2003
Marijuana
30.5
33.7
24.4
21.2
Cocaine
5.2
2.1
Inhalants
1.4
1.5
No Data until
1999- 2.5
72.0
1.3
Cigarettes
MDMA(Ecstasy)
Alcohol
47.5
Resist Pressure; Use Refusal Skills
 Commitment to be Drug Free
 Choose Healthy Alternatives
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Living Drug Free
Addictive, physically damaging, often
an entry to other drug use, a lethal
drug with harmful physical,
emotional, mental, social, and legal
consequences.
Signs of a problem: lying, avoiding
friends, giving up activities, taking
unnecessary risks, feeling depressed.
Alcohol
Welcome to College
The Acceptance
Process
The 1st Year
The College Process & the 1st Year
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More than 1,700 college students in the
U.S. are killed each year- about 4.6 a
day- as a result of alcohol-related injuries
Welcome to College
4 or more drinks in one sitting
 30% of 12th graders in the U.S. binge
drink
 44% of American college students (51%
male, 40% female) engaged in this
practice at least once in the past two
weeks. Results of the Harvard School of Public Health 1999
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College Alcohol Study Henry Wechsler, PhD, et al.
Binge Drinking
No one had called for help.
Visibly intoxicated, and was
placed on the floor to “sleep it
off”- alone.
www.gordie.org
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"Haze" the movie
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On September 17th, 2004, Lynn Gordon Bailey
Jr. ("Gordie") was found dead at the Chi Psi
Fraternity house at the University of Colorado at
Boulder. Gordie was 18 years old when he died.
Just one month earlier, he had enrolled as a
freshman at the University of Colorado Leeds
School of Business. In his four weeks at the
University, Gordie had been named to the club
lacrosse team and had become a pledge at Chi
Psi Fraternity.
Gordies Story
Every year, more than 5,000 deaths
of people under age 21 are linked to
underage drinking.
 Alcohol is a leading factor in
automobile crashes, homicides, and
suicides – the three leading causes of
death for people aged 15 to 24.
 Americans begin drinking regularly at
an average age of 15.9 years.
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Just the Facts
Teens who begin drinking before age
15 are five times more likely to
develop alcohol dependence than
those who begin drinking at age 21.
 Alcohol problems are highest among
young adults ages 18-29.
 In 2005, underage drinkers
consumed 15% of the alcohol sold in
the U.S., spending $19.8 billion in
sales.
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More Facts
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Underage drinking plays a significant
role in risky sexual behavior, such as
unwanted, unintended, and
unprotected sexual activity. This
behavior increases the risk for
unplanned pregnancy and STDs.
Decision-Making: It Can’t Happen
To Me!!!
Ethanol- type of alcohol in alcoholic
beverages
 Fermentation- chemical action of yeast on
sugars
 Depressant- slows the CNS
 Intoxication- the body is poisoned by
alcohol
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Alcohol Terminology
Under 21 it is illegal to buy, possess, or
consume alcohol.
 Teens can be arrested, fined and
sentenced to a youth detention center.
 As a result there will be a damaged
reputation. Lose of trust and respect of
friends and family.
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Alcohol and the Law
The amount of alcohol in a person’s
blood, expressed by a percentage.
 Accidents, primarily DWI, is the leading
cause of death among teenagers.
 Alcohol impairs vision, reaction time, and
coordination. Reduces a person’s ability to
judge distances & speeds. Increases risk
taking behaviors.
Blood Alcohol Concentration
(BAC)
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12 oz. Beer
5 oz. Wine
1.25 oz. liquor
Each contains the same amount of pure
alcohol.
Each drink increases BAC .02%
Legal Intoxication Level is .08%
One Drink
Say NO! to a Driver Who Has
Been Drinking!
Walk the Gauntlet of Good and
Evil!
Activity
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Binge Drinking
Alcohol Poisoning
Delirium Tremors (DT’s)
Alcohol Blackout
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
FAS PSA
Other Problems
A disease in which a person has a physical
or psychological dependence on alcohol.
The alcoholic is an addict dependent on
alcohol who craves the drug, has
experienced loss of control, developed a
tolerance and has health, family and
legal problems.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism
According to the American Medical
Association, Alcoholism develops in 3
stages:
1. Abuse
2. Dependence
3. Addiction
The Stages of Alcoholism
Alcoholism cannot be cured but can be
treated. 212-870-3400
Sobriety is a lifelong commitment to live
without alcohol.
Recovery is the process of learning to live
an alcohol-free life.
Help Groups: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA),
Al-Anon, Alateen.
www.al-anon.alateen.org
Treatment
According to the Surgeon
General:
Tobacco use is the #1 cause of
preventable death!
Then…
Why use it?
Tobacco Use
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Nicotine
Stimulant
Carcinogen
Tar
Carbon Monoxide
Serious Health Risk
Cyanide, Formaldehyde, Arsenic,
Insecticides, Paint, Toilet Cleaner,
Antifreeze, Explosives, Ammonia, etc.
43 Known Carcinogens
 Smoke
from the burning end of
a cigarette, pipe or cigar
 Smoke exhaled from the lungs
of smokers
 3,000 lung cancer & 35,000
heart disease deaths each year
in nonsmokers
Secondhand Smoke
Tobacco that is sniffed, held in the
mouth or chewed.
LEUKOPLAKIA
Thickened, white, leathery-looking
spots on the inside of the mouth
that can develop into oral cancer.
Smokeless Tobacco
 Change in brain chemistry
 Increase in respiration and
heart
rate
 Dulled taste buds and reduced
appetite
 Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes
and skin
Short Term Effects
Chronic Bronchitis
 Emphysema
 Lung Cancer
 Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke
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Long Term Effects
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Lucky Strike:Effects on the Body
Marketing
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Joe Camel
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Smoking Flintstones
The most common smoking cessation
methods are:
 Cold Turkey completely stopping all smoking at one time.
 Gradual decreasing the number of cigarettes you smoke
over time, such as smoking only half a cigarette, waiting an hour
longer each day before lighting up your first cigarette, or smoking
only during odd or even hours.
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Nicotine Replacement Therapy
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Zyban a prescription antidepressant, also reduces symptoms
using gum or a
patch, helps reduce cravings and ease withdrawal symptoms
without exposure to tar, carbon monoxide, and other harmful
components of cigarette smoke.
of nicotine withdrawal. In one study, Zyban helped 49 percent of
smokers quit for at least a month.
How to quit
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Legal
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Social
Financial
Other Consequences
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Words to Grow On by Iron Eyes Cody
Environmentalist
who was pivotal
in the “Keep
America
Beautiful”
campaign
Conclusion/Outcome
Many years ago, Indian youths
would go away in solitude to
prepare for manhood. One such
youth hiked into a beautiful valley,
green with trees, bright with
flowers. There he fasted. But on the
third day, as he looked up at the
surrounding mountains, he noticed
one tall rugged peak. Capped with
dazzling snow.
“I will test myself against that
He set off to climb the peak. When he reached the
top he stood
On the rim of the world. He could see forever.,
and his heart swelled
With pride. Then he heard a rustle at his feet, and
looking down,
He saw a snake. Before he could move, the snake
spoke:
“I am about to die, it is too cold for me up here
and I am freezing.
There is no food and I am starving.
Put me under your shirt and take me down to the
valley.
The youth replied, “No, you
are a rattlesnake, if I pick you
up, you will bite,
And your bite will kill me.”
“Not so,” said the snake. “I
will treat you differently.
If you do this for me, you will
be special.
I will not harm you.”
The youth resisted awhile,
But this snake was persuasive. At last the youth
tucked under his shirt
and carried it down to the valley.
There he laid it gently on the grass.
Suddenly the snake coiled, rattled, and leapt,
biting him on the leg.
The youth cried, “But you promised”
As the snake slithered away leaving the youth to
die , it said,
“You knew who I was when you
picked me up.”
The next time you are tempted
to use drugs or alcohol, remember the
Words of the Snake:
“You knew who I was
when you picked me
up”