Have you ever wondered….
How often you could
split a grain of sand into
smaller pieces?
What the universe
is made of?
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
If it is possible to travel
backwards in time?
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With really powerful microscopes
it is possible to see atoms directly
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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What is the universe made of? Atoms
mountain
galaxy
The matter in the universe is made up of nearly 100 types of atom
(periodic table). The atoms are made of the elementary particles
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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The constituents of matter
Click here to view animation
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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Atoms are tiny - elementary particles inside
atoms are even smaller
All of the matter in this room
is made of up & down quarks
(inside protons and neutrons),
electrons and neutrinos.
These particles are stable.
Other much heavier
elementary particles exist.
They live for fractions of a
second and then disintegrate
into stable particles.
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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The Four Forces
Elementary particles bind together on all scales from the quarks, through
nuclei, atoms, molecules, gases, liquids, solids to planets, stars and galaxies.
They do this through four forces
Lets quarks
change identity
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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The Standard Model
 The theories and discoveries of
thousands of physicists over the
past 100 years have created
the Standard Model of Particles
and Forces.
 The Standard Model has been
well tested in particle physics
experiments. It includes within
it all of electricity & magnetism
and hence electronic engineering,
chemistry, the physics of
solids/liquids/gases, nanoscale
physics, biophysics, nuclear
physics, astrophysics.
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
+ antiparticles for each quark
and lepton (anti-matter)
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All of the elementary particles in the standard model existed for a
few instants after the Big Bang. Since then, only the enormous
concentrations of energy that can be reached in an accelerator can
recreate them.
Studying particle collisions is like looking back in time, recreating
the environment that existed at the birth of the Universe.
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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Complete History of the Universe (abridged)
Energy density
Particle Physics
goal
Particle Physics
is here in 2007
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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Atom smashers: Particle Accelerator
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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In the LHC, protons are accelerated
to 7,000,000,000,000 volts
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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Large Hadron Collider (LHC):
27 km (18 mile circumference, 100 m underground)
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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Recipe for making every type of
elementary particle
E  mc
Energy of the beams
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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new particles
of the primordial
soup
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How do we see the collisions?
The Eyes of a Insect:
1 billion collisions/second
1,000 particles every 25 nanoseconds
We need highly granular detectors that
take pictures quickly, and manipulate
the resulting data onboard and store it
before shipping to a farm of computers
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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The Eyes of a Piece of Silicon:
The length of each side
of the square is about
the thickness of a piece
of paper. Each eye is
called a pixel
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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A Silicon camera we built at Purdue in 1999
We are building a more advanced version of this detector for the LHC
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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CMS at LHC
36 Nations
159 Institutions
1940 scientists
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
16m
21 m
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Transverse slice through CMS detector
Click on a particle type to visualise that particle in CMS
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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Discovery of the Higgs or SUSY or... in 2008?
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CERN in 2 Minutes
Click on the picture below to start the RealPlayer movie
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Summary
The CMS experiment is under construction and will
begin taking data in 2008
We are poised to answer some of the great questions of the
21st Century
Our notion of space and time may be radically altered
We may understand how the universe was born and how it will end
None of this would be possible without crucial help from computer
scientists, electronic & mechanical engineers, many other types of
physicists, hi-tech industries, and the tax payers of the world
See http://cmsinfo.cern.ch/outreach
Purdue Physics Funfest 2007 - Kirk Arndt
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