Integrated Pest Management
in Multifamily Housing
1
Beware of this Bug!!!
Background
•
•
•
•
•
•
1980’s bug crew
1990’s contractors and gels
2000 Listening Tour
2001 – 2005 Healthy PH initiative
2006 - 2009 Healthy Pest-Free Hsg
2010 – Environmental Exposure and
IPM Intensity
Developed and sponsored by
4
5
Resources
• Networked resources are available at:
– www.StopPests.org
– www.healthyhomestraining.org/ipm/training.htm
• The binder is yours to keep
– Copies of presentation slides
– HUD’s Voluntary Guidance on IPM
– Pest fact sheets
6
By the end of today, you will know
• Why pests are health threats.
• How to control cockroaches, rodents,
and bed bugs.
• Why Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) is the most effective way to
control pests.
• Your role in the IPM team.
7
How have you fought pests?
8
Pests cause problems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Trigger/cause asthma and allergies
Bite
Contaminate food
Lead people to overreact and ignore pesticide labels
Transmit disease
Hitchhike in belongings
Violate housing codes
IPM makes homes healthier!
9
Priority pests
•
•
•
Cockroaches cause asthma in
infants, trigger asthma attacks, and
contaminate food.
Rodents such as mice and rats carry
diseases, bite, destroy property, may
cause fires, and may trigger asthma
attacks.
Bed Bugs and their bites are a
nuisance and are expensive to
eliminate.
10
What all pests need
• Food
• Water
Shelter
Food
Water
• Shelter
11
What is IPM?
• Integrated: Uses multiple approaches
that work together.
• Pest: What the multiple approaches
work to fight.
• Management: Use of the most
economical means with the least
possible risk to people, property, and
the environment.
12
What you will gain
IPM will give you…
• A healthier building: Fewer asthma
attacks, less exposure to pesticides, and
less of a chance you will take pests home.
• Fewer complaints: A Boston Housing
Authority development reduced cockroach
work orders by 68% after one year of IPM.
• Fewer pests: You can stop infestations
from growing and spreading disease.
13
Bed Bugs
14
Outline
•
•
•
•
Also known as…
What they are
chintzes or chinches
What they eat
mahogany flats
Where they live
red coats
crimson ramblers
How to think like
wall lice
bed bug
the bug that nobody knows
• Prevention and control
15
What is a bed bug?
• A blood-sucking insect
• Most active at night
• Usually feeds at night
Adult bed bug feeding on a
16
human
Bed bugs are health hazards
Bed bugs do not transmit disease, but they
• cause secondary infections after people
scratch their bed bug bites;
• result in stress, loss of work, loss of sleep,
and financial burden;
• are unwelcome in our homes and
workplaces.
17
Bed bug life cycle
Unfed
Fed
Bed bugs at various stages of growth.
18
Bed bug behavior
• Hide in cracks and
crevices, often in
groups.
• Cannot fly, jump, or
burrow into
skin…they crawl.
• Hitchhike on bags,
furniture, wires, or
pipes.
Bed bug crawling into
a screw hole to hide.
19
Can be confused with…
• Ticks
• Cockroach nymphs
• Other kinds of bug bites
Tick
Mosquito Bites
Cockroach
Nymph
Bat Bug
20
One bed bug, HALF a year…
21
Signs of bed bugs
•
•
•
•
•
Bites
Blood spots
Shed skins
Dead bed bugs
Live bed bugs
22
Bites
• Bed bugs cannot be confirmed by bites alone.
• Live bed bugs must be found.
23
Blood spots
• Blood spots are bed bug droppings.
• Bed bugs cannot be confirmed by blood spots
alone.
• Live bed bugs must be found.
A bad infestation
The start of an
infestation
24
Shed skins
Bed bug signs on a mattress seam
25
Dead bed bugs
Bottom
Top
26
What bed bugs eat and drink
Blood
27
Where bed bugs live
• In the building
• In any crack or crevice where a credit card
edge could fit
• In anything near where people rest
28
Where bed bugs live
Beds,
sofas,
bedside
tables,
recliners,
picture
frames…
= Hot Spot
29
How do bed bugs spread?
• Through walls along wires and pipes
• On anything coming from an infested unit
(furniture, backpacks, laundry…)
What’s on
the other
side of the
wall?
30
Think like a bed bug
• After mating once and feeding, a female
is ready to lay eggs.
• To avoid dying, a female may go off and
find a hiding spot away
from other bed bugs.
Traumatic insemination
31
(bed bugs breeding)
Got bed bugs? Now what?
If found and controlled early in the infestation,
the spread of bed bugs can be stopped.
The first responses should be to:
Report the problem
Not throw the mattress out—cover it
Not spray—leave this to the PMP
Prevent carrying the bed bugs to other places
Prepare the unit for the PMP
32
Document all observations
Take action promptly.
Report:
• Date
• What you saw
• What you did (don’t spray)
33
Use a mattress encasement
• Trap live bed bugs inside.
• Zip, seal, and check for rips.
• Leave it on for 1-1/2 years (don’t let it rip).
Mattresses and furniture
don’t have to be thrown out!
34
Place monitors
• Trap and kill bed bugs
• Determine how bad the infestation is
• Two types
– Interceptors
– Portable
Interceptor
35
Teach people how to control
without pesticides
• Follow site-specific instructions from the
PMP
• If there is an infested item, the PMP may
have the resident:
– Encase
– Destroy, dispose, and replace with metal or
plastic
– Heat treat in a dryer
– Heat treat then isolate in bags or containers
36
Teach people how to prevent
• Keep coats, backpacks, purses, and bags off
beds, recliners, and sofas.
• Don’t bring home used furniture.
• Look for signs before sleeping.
37
The PMP might
• Inspect
• Take apart furniture
• Put infested items in sealed plastic bags or
discard heavily infested items
• Use
– A vacuum
– Heat or steam
– Pesticides
38
Only PMPs use sprays
• Sprays are not effective when used by
homeowners for bed bug control
• Sprays cause the bugs to scatter
– Problem becomes harder to deal with
39
A review of what you should do
• Report the problem
• Encase the mattress and box spring
• Prevent spreading the bed bugs to other
places
• Follow the PMP's instructions
40
Management's role
• Find out the PMP’s requirements for unit prep
and plan ahead! Example: Who takes apart
and reassembles furniture?
• Have the professional inspect and treat units
adjacent to the infested one.
• Communicate the situations/populations in
units to the professional (respiratory problems,
chemical sensitivities, pregnant women, the
elderly, or children present).
41
The PMP's role
• ALWAYS thoroughly inspects the unit and the
adjacent walls.
• Provides preparation and follow-up instructions
in multiple languages.
• Follows the label—especially when treating
mattresses!
• Returns in three weeks to look for and treat
hatched nymphs.
42
The resident's role
• Inspect regularly
• Launder bedding regularly
• Report bed bug sightings immediately and
seek help from staff
• Use plastic bags when transporting infested
items
• Don’t bring home furniture found on the street
• Follow preparation instructions from the PMP
43
Questions?
44
Cockroaches
45
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
What they are
What they eat
Where they live
How to think like a cockroach
Prevention and control
Also known as…
roaches
cucarachas
46
Cockroaches are health hazards
Cockroaches and their frass
• Make asthma worse in sensitive people
• Cause asthma in preschool-aged children
• Cause or aggravate allergies
• Contaminate food, dishes, and counters
• Are unwelcome in places where we work and
play
47
What is a cockroach?
• An insect
• Lives in areas where humans provide food
and water
• Active at night
If you see cockroaches during the day, the
infestation is serious
48
What is a cockroach?
• Multiple eggs in
each egg case
• Many eggs
means many
nymphs (babies)
• Nymphs look like
small versions of
the adults
49
Common cockroaches
hot
cool
high & dry
most
common
sewers & basements
50
German cockroach
• Medium size (3/4''), bronze, with “racing stripes”
behind the head
• Found everywhere, but likes warmth, moisture,
and darkness
Reproduces quickly
Mother carries eggs
to term even if she
is dead
Eats almost
anything
51
Brown banded cockroach
• Small size (1/2'') with side-to-side stripes
• Found in warm and dry spots, often up high
Lives in scattered
locations, often
behind pictures
and appliances
52
American
cockroach
Oriental
cockroach
a.k.a. “palmetto bugs” or
“water bugs”
a.k.a “water bugs”
Large (1-1/2''); brown color
Glides in the air
Lives in sewers and
basements
Large (1''); black color
Lives in sewers,
basements, and mulch
Likes it cool
Likes it hot
53
One German cockroach,
1/2 a year…
54
Signs of cockroaches
Live cockroaches
Dead cockroaches and their parts
Frass
Egg cases
55
11
Dead cockroaches
Dead
German cockroaches
on a sticky trap
Brown banded
cockroaches
by a door hinge
56
Frass
57
Where cockroaches live
• Anywhere in a building
• Prefer spots near water but
also need food and warmth
• In cracks and crevices
where their bodies touch
surfaces above and below
58
What cockroaches eat
•
•
•
•
•
Crumbs
Grease
Trash
Cardboard glue
Just about anything
Under the bag in a trash can
59
Where cockroaches drink
Sinks
Counters
Floors
Pet bowls
Shower stalls
Sweaty pipes
Refrigerator drip pans and gaskets
AC units
60
IPM practice
Cockroaches
Need food and water.
Are most active at night.
• What’s the problem here?
• How would you fix it?
61
Got cockroaches? Now what?
There is not just one answer.
• First find out:
– What kind?
– How many?
– Where?
• Then use solutions that provide:
– Most effective prevention and control
– Least risk to residents and staff
62
Inspect
Using a flashlight, look for evidence where
cockroaches would find food, water, or a
hiding spot: up, down, behind, and under.
Think like a cockroach – look in hidden areas.
Boiler room
63
Inspect
Monitor by placing sticky traps near areas
where cockroaches might travel—at corners
and near warmth, food, and water.
64
Prevention and control:
Sanitation
• Good sanitation makes pest control work.
• Eliminate hiding spots, food, and water available
at night by
- cleaning the kitchen;
- reducing clutter;
- throwing away dead cockroaches;
- cleaning frass and areas where
there were cockroaches with
simple soap and water.
65
Prevention and control:
Exclusion
Seal or fix cracks, peeled wallpaper and shelf
liners, or holes that cockroaches could get
through. Use
silicone caulk;
copper mesh;
screens; or
door sweeps on
boiler rooms and
exterior doors.
66
Prevention and control: Baits
• The most effective pesticide option.
• Won’t work if contaminated by strongsmelling cleaners or other chemicals,
pesticide sprays or foggers, or nicotine from
cigarette smoke.
• Use in every room.
Gel Bait
Bait Station
67
Prevention and control: Baits
• The bait needs to be the only food in the
area—sanitation first!
• Slow to kill: Cockroaches feed on the bait
and take it back to their hiding spots where
other cockroaches live.
PMP’s gel bait applied under a drawer
68
Prevention and control:
Insecticidal dusts
• Active ingredients may be boric acid or
diatomaceous earth
• How they kill cockroaches:
– Scratch their outer layers
– Dry them out
• Long-lasting if dry
69
Prevention and control:
Insecticidal dusts
•
•
•
•
Effective if used correctly.
Light dusting instead of piles.
Use in walls before fixing them.
Under and behind cabinets at turnover or
when making large repairs…but clean first!
Incorrect use of insecticidal dust
70
Prevention and control:
Insect growth regulators
(IGRs)
• Interfere with cockroach growth and egg
hatching
• In baits, sprays, aerosols, and powders
• Take a month to work
• Stay effective for a long time
• Compatible with other IPM methods; may
enhance baits
71
A review of IPM tools
Sanitation
Exclusion
Pesticides:
Bait
Insecticidal dusts
IGRs
72
Don’t use over-the-counter
sprays and foggers
Over-the-counter
sprays and foggers
are not part of IPM
in multifamily
housing
They are not
compatible with
baits
73
Questions?
74
Cockroaches
75
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
What they are
What they eat
Where they live
How to think like a cockroach
Prevention and control
Also known as…
roaches
cucarachas
76
Cockroaches are health hazards
Cockroaches and their frass
• Make asthma worse in sensitive people
• Cause asthma in preschool-aged children
• Cause or aggravate allergies
• Contaminate food, dishes, and counters
• Are unwelcome in places where we work and
play
77
What is a cockroach?
• An insect
• Lives in areas where humans provide food
and water
• Active at night
If you see cockroaches during the day, the
infestation is serious
78
What is a cockroach?
• Multiple eggs in
each egg case
• Many eggs
means many
nymphs (babies)
• Nymphs look like
small versions of
the adults
79
Common cockroaches
hot
cool
high & dry
most
common
sewers & basements
80
German cockroach
• Medium size (3/4''), bronze, with “racing stripes”
behind the head
• Found everywhere, but likes warmth, moisture,
and darkness
Reproduces quickly
Mother carries eggs
to term even if she
is dead
Eats almost
anything
81
Brown banded cockroach
• Small size (1/2'') with side-to-side stripes
• Found in warm and dry spots, often up high
Lives in scattered
locations, often
behind pictures
and appliances
82
American
cockroach
Oriental
cockroach
a.k.a. “palmetto bugs” or
“water bugs”
a.k.a “water bugs”
Large (1-1/2''); brown color
Glides in the air
Lives in sewers and
basements
Large (1''); black color
Lives in sewers,
basements, and mulch
Likes it cool
Likes it hot
83
One German cockroach,
1/2 a year…
84
Signs of cockroaches
Live cockroaches
Dead cockroaches and their parts
Frass
Egg cases
85
11
Dead cockroaches
Dead
German cockroaches
on a sticky trap
Brown banded
cockroaches
by a door hinge
86
Frass
87
Where cockroaches live
• Anywhere in a building
• Prefer spots near water but
also need food and warmth
• In cracks and crevices
where their bodies touch
surfaces above and below
88
What cockroaches eat
•
•
•
•
•
Crumbs
Grease
Trash
Cardboard glue
Just about anything
Under the bag in a trash can
89
Where cockroaches drink
Sinks
Counters
Floors
Pet bowls
Shower stalls
Sweaty pipes
Refrigerator drip pans and gaskets
AC units
90
IPM practice
Cockroaches
Need food and water.
Are most active at night.
• What’s the problem here?
• How would you fix it?
91
Got cockroaches? Now what?
There is not just one answer.
• First find out:
– What kind?
– How many?
– Where?
• Then use solutions that provide:
– Most effective prevention and control
– Least risk to residents and staff
92
Inspect
Using a flashlight, look for evidence where
cockroaches would find food, water, or a
hiding spot: up, down, behind, and under.
Think like a cockroach – look in hidden areas.
Boiler room
93
Inspect
Monitor by placing sticky traps near areas
where cockroaches might travel—at corners
and near warmth, food, and water.
94
Prevention and control:
Sanitation
• Good sanitation makes pest control work.
• Eliminate hiding spots, food, and water available
at night by
- cleaning the kitchen;
- reducing clutter;
- throwing away dead cockroaches;
- cleaning frass and areas where
there were cockroaches with
simple soap and water.
95
Prevention and control:
Exclusion
Seal or fix cracks, peeled wallpaper and shelf
liners, or holes that cockroaches could get
through. Use
silicone caulk;
copper mesh;
screens; or
door sweeps on
boiler rooms and
exterior doors.
96
Prevention and control: Baits
• The most effective pesticide option.
• Won’t work if contaminated by strongsmelling cleaners or other chemicals,
pesticide sprays or foggers, or nicotine from
cigarette smoke.
• Use in every room.
Gel Bait
Bait Station
97
Prevention and control: Baits
• The bait needs to be the only food in the
area—sanitation first!
• Slow to kill: Cockroaches feed on the bait
and take it back to their hiding spots where
other cockroaches live.
PMP’s gel bait applied under a drawer
98
Prevention and control:
Insecticidal dusts
• Active ingredients may be boric acid or
diatomaceous earth
• How they kill cockroaches:
– Scratch their outer layers
– Dry them out
• Long-lasting if dry
99
Prevention and control:
Insecticidal dusts
•
•
•
•
Effective if used correctly.
Light dusting instead of piles.
Use in walls before fixing them.
Under and behind cabinets at turnover or
when making large repairs…but clean first!
Incorrect use of insecticidal dust
100
Prevention and control:
Insect growth regulators
(IGRs)
• Interfere with cockroach growth and egg
hatching
• In baits, sprays, aerosols, and powders
• Take a month to work
• Stay effective for a long time
• Compatible with other IPM methods; may
enhance baits
101
A review of IPM tools
Sanitation
Exclusion
Pesticides:
Bait
Insecticidal dusts
IGRs
102
Don’t use over-the-counter
sprays and foggers
Over-the-counter
sprays and foggers
are not part of IPM
in multifamily
housing
They are not
compatible with
baits
103
Questions?
104
IPM and Pesticide Use
105
Outline
• HUD’s guidance on IPM
• IPM in practice
• Pesticides
106
Making homes healthy
• IPM is part of a nationwide Healthy Homes
movement to reduce housing-based health
hazards.
• A healthy home is:
– Dry
– Clean
– Ventilated
– Safe
– Contaminant-free
– Maintained
– Pest-free
107
HUD’s voluntary guidance on
integrated pest management
• PIH guidance since 2006 (PIH 2009-15 (HA))
• “Offers the potential efficacy of pest
elimination while protecting the health of
residents and staff.”
• “Will extend the useful life of property and,
thereby, generate significant savings that
offset costs of the pest control operations.”
• “Effective in preventing moisture intrusion and
accumulation.”
• In the reference section of your manual.
108
Federal housing must comply
with local housing codes
Typical local housing code
• All structures shall be kept free from insect and
rodent infestation.
• All structures in which insects or rodents are
found shall be promptly managed by approved
processes that will not be injurious to human
health.
• Proper precautions shall be taken to prevent
re-infestation.
109
IPM in practice:
Documentation is key
One IPM log in each building.
Record:
• date
• detailed observations
• action taken
Make sure action is taken promptly.
110
IPM in practice: An IPM log
Problem
Solution
Date What’s
Initials Date What’s
Initials
seen?
done?
4/4/08 Door
AAT
4/7/08 New
CAP
sweep
door
broken
sweep
installed
111
At first more work, but then less
• Starting an IPM program may mean more
work because of education, repairs, and
monitoring.
• Expect to see increased work orders as pests
and pest-friendly conditions that were
previously overlooked are reported.
• THEN…you will get fewer
complaints, have fewer
pests, and be providing
a better place to live.
112
Another view
• Invest
time and materials for repair and education.
• Protect
through exclusion, sanitation, and careful
product choice based on least risk to human
health and the environment and compatibility
with other management practices.
• Maintain
with monitoring, communication, and
documentation so that infestations do not grow.
113
Pesticides
Why do people tolerate exposure to pests and
pesticides?
• They are used to living with problems
• Low standards for pest control and
maintenance
• Other priorities
• Not aware of the problems
• Cannot envision a better way
114
Routine spraying of pesticides is
not the only option
We’ve learned a better
way.
Routine baseboard spraying
115
is not part of IPM.
Concerns with pesticides
• Pests can become tolerant of or avoid
pesticides.
• Risk from exposure may outweigh the benefit of
killing pests.
• Possible harm to pets and wildlife.
• Certain populations may be especially
vulnerable or sensitive to some pesticides:
– Elderly; children; pregnant women
– People with breathing or lung disorders such
as asthma
116
– People with multiple chemical sensitivities
How to handle illegal and risky
pesticides
Unlabeled Mothballs
Chinese Chalk Tres Pasitos
Products without a pesticide label are illegal.
• Educate residents on the dangers of using
illegal pesticides. For example, pesticides that
look like candy are risky.
• Report illegal sales to the EPA or to the state
pesticide licensing agency.
117
Total release foggers (there’s a
reason they’re called bombs!)
San Diego, CA,
July 1992
Augusta, GA, March 2008
Washington, DC,
August 2008
118
Pesticide risk by application
method
Less risk of
exposure
Tamperresistant
station
Gel bait
in a
crevice
More risk of
exposure
Total
release
fogger
119
How to read a label
• Product name
• Active Ingredients
• Signal words:
CAUTION = slightly toxic
WARNING = moderately toxic
DANGER = severe skin or eye irritation
DANGER-POISON = highly toxic
120
How to read a label
•
•
•
Registration number: “EPA Reg. No.”
Precautionary Statements
Directions for:
– Use
– Storage
– Disposal
121
Product use and emergencies
National Pesticide Information Center
800-858-7378
www.npic.orst.edu
Poison Control Center National Hotline 800222-1222
www.aapcc.org
122
Questions?
123
Roles and Responsibilities
124
The Property Manager is
responsible for IPM
• Hires a qualified pest management professional
(PMP) who uses IPM and a contract that rewards
success
• Follows HUD’s IPM Guidance (PIH 2009-15 (HA))
• Develops and enforces policies and procedures
based on PIH 2009-15 (HA)
• Manages the PMP
• Identifies problems, especially with housekeeping
and sanitation
• Monitors and maintain facilities and grounds
125
The Property Manager is
responsible for IPM
• Protects and assists vulnerable and sensitive
populations
• Tracks complaints and program performance
• Delegates the solutions
– If unable to assist directly, contacts family member,
resident support services, or social services agency
• Encourages a reporting system
– Notify staff and residents of upcoming PMP visits
– Facilitate the IPM log
– Provide pesticide use notification
126
Pest Management Professional
• Qualifications to consider
– Green Shield, GreenPro, or Ecowise (in CA)
– Association membership: National Pest Management Association
– PMP certification: Associate Certified Entomologist (ACE) or Board
Certified Entomologist (BCE)
• Follows contract to get paid
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Notifies PHA of upcoming visits
Communicates with staff and residents
Inspects and monitors for pests
Identifies pests
Recommends pest-proofing strategies
Applies effective and compatible pesticides
Documents everything: observations, pesticide usage,
suggestions
127
Maintenance Staff
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Seal cracks
Fix leaks
Eliminate moisture problems
Install barriers to pest entry and movement
Monitor common areas for pests
Report observations, problems, and actions
Possibly assist with unit preparation
128
Janitorial / Custodial Staff
• Keep common areas clean and sanitary
(especially trash chutes and dumpsters)
• Monitor for pests
• Report problems in units and common areas
129
Landscaping and Grounds
Crews
• Monitor for pests (especially rats)
• Report problems
• Minimize use of pesticides on grounds
–Plant choice
Shapes rats avoid
• Doesn’t offer coverage for rat travel and burrowing
• Resists pests naturally
(few pesticides or nutrients required)
–Plant placement
Shapes rats seek
• Never touching the building
• Appropriate sunlight, shade, and moisture for the plant
–Plant maintenance
• Mow grass high: 3-4"
• Mulch grass clippings
130
Resident Support Service Staff
• Get assistance for residents who are unable to
prepare their unit for the PMP due to financial or
physical limitations
• Educate residents about:
– Pests
– Proper housekeeping
– Reporting presence of pests, leaks, and mold
• Enforce lease provisions regarding:
– Housekeeping
– Sanitation
– Trash removal and storage
• Encourage residents to allow PMP into unit
131
Resident
• Notifies management of disabilities or when assistance
is needed to participate in an IPM program
• Gives PMP access to unit
– Works with staff to find reasonable accommodations if
sensitivities exist
• Prepares unit for PMP visit according to instructions
• Follows lease regarding
– Housekeeping
– Sanitation
– Trash removal and storage
• Reports presence of pests, leaks, and mold
• Monitors unit for problems
132
The results of the team approach
• An inspection and monitoring system that
finds pests
• A reporting system that identifies areas of
improvement
• Units are prepared to receive effective
treatment
• Communication that empowers all
• Fewer pests and a healthier environment
133
Questions?
134