Roger Blandford
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Recent Progress in Astroparticle Physics Roger Blandford KIPAC Thanks to Lukasz Stawarz, Paul Simeon 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 1 Progress 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 2 Fermi Launched 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 3 New Facilities Auger-S H.E.S.S. PAMELA VERITAS 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 4 The Pulsing g-ray Sky •~50 g-raypulsars •~2000 radio pulsars •Radio Quiet •Millisecond Pulsars •40?? Pulsars in 47 Tuc •Crab pulses detected by MAGIC •Anatomy of magnetosphere •Outer gap emission •Computing magnetosphere •Pulsars as tools •Mass-radius relation 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 5 Supernova remnants •Multi-wavelength studies •Protons (pions)and electrons (Compton) •Some shocks are very efficient accelerators >50% •Magnetic amplification mG->mG •Emission coincident with X-rays, molecular gas •Hadronic vs leptonic emission debate unresolved RCW86 Not the Pevatrons? W51C 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 6 Association with Star Formation Large Magellanic Cloud 17 vii 2009 Starburst Galaxies TeV-PA 7 Cosmic Ray Source Spectrum •Much new data •CREAM, PAMELA, Kaskade Grande, ACE •GALPROP is great but… •Many complications •Different sources SNR, PWN, OB stars •Propagation may not be diffusive •Limiting speed? •TeV isotropy =>L[R] not a power law? •Local effects -MILAGRO anisotropy •Need better cross sections! •However believe C,P symmetry•Spatial transport in sources, IPM,ISM,IGM is just a function of rigidity (momentum per unit charge ~ Larmor radius) •Features in electron spectrum may be seen in M nuclei (Seo) at same rigidity Dawn of Precision Cosmic Ray Propagation? 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 8 Shock Modeling •PIC, Monte Carlo codes •Conceptual advances •Magnetic amplification mechanisms •Only the highest energy particle escape promptly Magnetic bootstrap? •Most CRs decompress until expansion sub-Alfvenic •Pulsars, stars more complex! 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 9 •Common sources especially at TeV Pulsar Wind Nebulae •Displaced from pulsar synchrotron •Synchrotron nebulae •Compton -CMB/synchrotron •Accelerating >10PeV electrons •Larmor radius – ~0.1pc Crab •Cooling length - ~0.01pc Compton Nebula •Requires E>~B!! •Pulsar wind –relativistic beaming? •Pulsar magnetosphere – ground-states of gyration 17 vii 2009 P e v a t r TeV-PA 10 Gamma Ray Bursts * Three types – Short -- NS coalescence – Long – Collapse of massive stars – Magnetars _ 0.3PG neutron stars * Fermi (Swift) – 240 GBM • Broad spectral coverage – 9 LAT (7 long, 2 short) • 5 solar mass isotropic energy • GeV photons -> G~1000 • Late emission (2000s) • Short bursts also SN?? 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 11 Blazars •Relativistic jets from massive black holes pointed towards us •Blazars =BLLacs +FSRQ •Most Fermi sources •~ 1000 so far, ~5000 eventually,~ 200 identified •TeV variation as rapid as 5 min! •Hadronic vs Leptonic again •Multi-wavelength science •Radio monitoring to X-correlate with g-ray •M87 misdirected GRB •6 billion solar mass hole •Radio emission from ~60 grav radii •Gamma ray flare 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 12 UHECR •Auger-S completed •GZK cutoff seen! •Better spectra •Composition measurements •Not photons •Protons vs iron 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 13 REGRESS 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 14 Dark Matter •No GeV excess in g-rays •Background fully accounted for by astrophysical sources •????DAMA???? No ~600 GeV electron bump Is a similar “feature” seen in cosmic ray spectra? 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 15 Extragalactic Background Is this all unresolved cosmic sources like AGN? 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 16 UHECR Anisotropy * Anisotropy still exists but field of cosmic ray astronomy not yet created * Correlations with LSS in general * Cen A, cluster??? * Clusters? * 60 events! 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 17 INGRESS 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 18 Dark Matter Sources Galactic Center •Galactic center •Many sources, diffuse background to remove •WMAP Haze •Galactic dwarfs •Where are they •Should they show up? •No detections yet •Clusters •Primordial cosmic rays, AGN and dark matter annihilate – upper limits 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 19 VHE Neutrinos •Ice Cube deployed and working well •No sources yet •Leptonic vs hadronic jets •GZK neutrinos (unless Fe) •Cosmic ray detector •Geophysics… •Radio, sonic detection 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 20 Gravitational radiation •Energy graviton ~ 10-26+/-3 TeV! •LIGO achieved design sensitivity •S5 run analyzed – no detections •Some useful upper limits •Enhanced LIGO (2010) •Advanced LIGO (2014) •Great progress in computational relativity •Test GR in strong field regime •First detections likely to be NS binaries •Short GRBs? •EoS for cold nuclear matter •LISA 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 21 Neutrino mass and number CMB observations => Neutrino mass sum < 0.67 eV Planck working Will need to know H0 cf KATRIN (0.2 eV) EXO, MAJORANA… 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 22 TRANSGRESS 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 23 Radical ideas (not just particle theory) •Gordy Kane Supersymmetric dark matter already detected and will be seen promptly by LHC •Eli Waxman Don’t need additional sources to explain PAMELA data •Non dark matter sources •Young stars? •g-g pair production •Positron luminosity density ~ 0.1 g-ray density •Violation of Lorentz Invariance, Modified Gravity •Dark matter stars ~1000Msun 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 24 CONGRESS! 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 25 DIGRESS 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 26 The Illogic of Scientific Discovery 17 vii 2009 TeV-PA 27
