Super B Factory
Physics Impact
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
1
Why Super B factories ?
 The motivation to continue e+e- flavor physics studies with a Super
B factory
beyond the BABAR/Belle/(LHCb) era lies in its ability to make measurements that
have sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model
 This sensitivity extends to New Physics in b, c and t decay
 A data sample of 50-75 ab-1 is required to provide this sensitivity
 BABAR +Belle total sample is <2 ab-1
 A luminosity in the range of 1036 cm-2s-1 is required to integrate this large a
sample in a reasonable time
 There are two approaches on the market to acquiring such a sample
 SuperKEKB at KEK and SuperB at Rome II Univ (Tor Vergata) or LNF
 Both asymmetric colliders now use a version of the “Italian scheme”
 Collide asymmetric energy rings having very low emittance, similar to those
developed for the ILC damping rings and high brightness light sources
 SuperB also employs a new type of final focus – a “crabbed waist”
and has a longitudinally polarized LER beam
 Beam currents and wallplug power are reduced from brute force extrapolations of
the existing machines PEP-II and KEKB
 Luminosity-related backgrounds and radiation levels in the forward/backward
directions are high: require intensive study
 Designing an appropriate detector is a tractable problem
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
2
Two nascent efforts
>80ab-1 after 6 years
Integrated Luminosity(1/ab)
50ab-1 by ~2020
140.00
120.00
100.00
L~8x1035
80.00
60.00
10ab-1 ~ 2016
40.00
20.00
L~2x1035
2015?
2020?
 Both now employ versions of the “Italian scheme”:
 Low emittance rings with large crossing angles
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
3
ar
8
Ye
ar
7
Ye
ar
6
Ye
ar
5
Ye
ar
4
Ye
ar
3
Ye
ar
2
Ye
ar
1
Ye
3year shutdown
for upgrade
Ye
ar
0
0.00
also charm and t physics
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
4
What’s the killer “Shake the Box” app?
 Is it the ability to discover lepton flavor-violating
t decays and determine
the chirality of the LFV coupling ?
 Neutrino oscillations demonstrate the existence of neutral LFV couplings
 Charged LFV are very small in the Standard Model, but measureable at a
Super B factory
 Is it the unique sensitivity to new
CP phases beyond the CKM phase in
B and D decay through studies of direct and indirect CP asymmetries?
 Is it the sensitivity to the existence of a fourth quark generation ?
 Is it the sensitivity to right-handed currents ?
 Is it the sensitive tests of
CPT invariance at the highest available q2
made possible by exploiting quantum coherence ?
 Is it the whole panoply of measurements and the pattern of effects
uncovered that can serve as a “DNA chip” for New Physics found at LHC ?
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
5
Many SM extensions yield measurable effects in flavor physics
Little Higgs w/
MFV UV fix
Generic Little Higgs
Extra dim w/
SM on brane
Generic extra dim w SM in bulk
Supersoft
SUSY breaking
Dirac gauginos
MSSM
MFV
low tan
SM-like flavor physics
MSSM
MFV
large tan
SUSY GUTs
Effective SUSY
Observable effects of New Physics
after G. Hiller
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
6
Lepton Flavor Violation in t decays
Super B Factory sensitivity directly confronts New Physics models
BABAR
SuperB
sensitivity
For 75 ab-1
We expect to see LFV events, not just improve limits
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
7
Lepton Flavor Violation in t decays
 Impact of q13 in a SUSY seesaw model
Antusch, Arganda, Herrero, Teixeira, JHEP 0611:090,2006
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
8
LFV
5s disc
B
B
2
75
10ab : 75ab 
for B(t  mg ), 7.5 for B(t 
10
1
1
CMSSM : meg vanishes at all SPS points
David Hitlin
)
MVF-NP extensions : meg vanishes as s130
tmg is independent of s13
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
9
Lepton sector constraints in an SU(3)-flavored MSSM
Lightest slepton mass
Calibbi, Jones Perez, Masiero, Park, Porod & Vives arXiv 0907.4069v2
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
10
Beyond MFV
LFV from PMNS
107 B (tmg)
SO(10) MSSM
LFV from CKM
SuperB
now
Super B
Factory
M1/2
SUSY GUT
now
Super B Factory
Allowed by Dms
From Bs phase
David Hitlin
J.K.Parry, H.-H. Zhang
hep-ph/0710.5443
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
11
LFV branching fraction ratios are discriminators
Blanke, Buras, Duling, Recksiegel & Tarantino, arXiv:0906.545v1
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
12
Polarized t’s can probe the chiral structure of LFV
in a model-independent manner
t
t t





A longitudinally polarized electron
beam, producing polarized t’s,
can determinate the chiral
structure of lepton flavor-violating
interactions
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
Dassinger, Feldmann, Mannel, and Turczyk
JHEP 0710:039,2007;
[See also Matsuzaki and Sanda
Phys.Rev.D77:073003,2008 ]
August 5, 2009
13
D D mixing is now well-established and large
0
0
D0 K  decay time analysis
BABAR: PRL 98 211802 (2007)
3.9s
D0 K K   vs K  lifetime difference
analysis
Belle: PRL 98 211803 (2007)
3.2s
D0 Ks   time dependent amplitude analysis
Belle: PRL 99 131803 (2007)
2.2s
D0 K   decay time analysis
CDF: PRL 100, 121802 (2008)
3.8s
D0 K K   vs K   lifetime difference
analysis
BABAR: PRD 78, 011105 R (2008)
3.0s
D0 K   0 time dependent amplitude analysis
BABAR: arXiv:0807, 4544 (2008)
3.1s
D0 K   relative strong phase using quantumcorrelated measurements in e+e- D0 D0
CLEO-c: PRD 78, 012001, (2008)
D0 K-+ and K+K- lifetime ratios
BABAR: EPS 2009
4.1s
Significance of all mixing results (HFAG Preliminary– EPS2009):
10.2s
This raises the exciting possibility of searching for CP violation
+
Super B Factory
@ 75 ab-1
+
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
14
CP violation in DC=2 mixing in an LHT model
|q/p| from
D→K, K..
75 ab-1
N  (t )  N  (t )
aSL  
N (t )  N  (t )
D* tags
s 1%
LHT model
Little Higgs w T parity
Bigi, Blanke, Buras & Recksiegel
arXiv:0904.1545v3 [hep-ph]
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
15
CKM Fitter results as of Moriond 2009
The BABAR and Belle CP asymmetry measurements
together with improved precision in other
measurements
have produced a set of highly
overconstrained tests, which
grosso modo, are well-satisfied
A closer look, however, reveals some issues
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
16
A variety of analyses have pinpointed tensions in the UT
 These are all at the 2-3 s level, but occur in several places
e.g., Lunghi and Soni analysis
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
17
Does the agreement of the overconstrained tests
stand up to detailed scrutiny ?
 There is actually some tension, and there are enough constraints to
explore these issues
 Caveats:
 There may be Standard Model explanations for some effects
 All issues are at the <3s level
 Inclusive and exclusive Vub determinations are not in good agreement
 There are also issues with inclusive/exclusive Vcb
 The B(B→tn) conflict
 The agreement of the fitted, i.e., SM-predicted value of sin 2 vs the
directly measured value using tree decays and loop decays is not perfect
 The Bs → ψϕ phase
 The K problem
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
18
The B(B→tn) conflict
Effectively a measurement of fB
Determines same constraint
B(B→tn) also constrains Higgs doublet models
G. Eigen
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
19
Is there a fourth quark generation ?
 A fourth generation CKM-like mixing matrix has
 2 additional quark masses
 3 additional mixing angles
 2 additional
CP-violating phases
 A recent analysis by
Bobrowski, Lenz, Reidl and Rohrwild
shows that large regions of the new
parameter spaces are still allowed
 SuperB factories will be the primary
tool to close this window, or, perhaps,
to find significantly non-zero values of
these fourth generation parameters
q24
d14
q14
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
d13
August 5, 2009
20
New physics in Bd, Bs mixing ??
There is still room for sizeable
contributions from New Physics
Model-independent parametrization
for New Physics in ΔF=2 transitions
Bq0 | M 12SM  NP | Bq0  D qNP  Bq0 | M 12SM | Bq0
D
NP
q
 Re(D q )  i Im(D q )  D q e
i
Dq
 rq2e
2iqq
 1  hq e
2is q
The preferred (SM+NP) ΔNP value is currently
~ 2σ from SM for both Bd and Bs systems
To clarify:
1.
Updated Tevatron result
2.
LHCb sin2s measurement
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
21
CPV Probes of New Physics
 In the Standard Model we expect the same value for “sin2 ” in
b  ccs, b  ccd , b  sss, b  dds modes, but different SUSY models
can produce different asymmetries
 Since the penguin modes have branching fractions one or two orders
of magnitude less than tree modes, a great deal of luminosity is
required to make these measurements to meaningful precision
B 0  J / K S0
B 0   K S0
Vtb*Vtd VcbVcs*
q A
2i
tree 


(

1)
e
pA
VtbVtd* Vcb* Vcs
Wb
u,c,t
 e
David Hitlin
b
u,c,t
i (2   SUSY )
s b
A
A
~ 0
g, 
-
Hs
 penguin
Vtb*Vtd VtbVts*
q A
2 i



(

1)
e
pA
VtbVtd* Vtb*Vts
~ ~~
u,c,t
s b
~ ~~
d,s,b
s
 S K  sin(2   SUSY )
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
22
Squark mass matrix (d sector)
Super B Factories
LHC
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
23
1500
1000
500
250
SPS-1 SPS-2 SPS-3 SPS-4 SPS-5 SPS-6 SPS-7 SPS-8 SPS-9
Ghodbane and Martyn
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
24
New Physics in CPV:
Wb
B
Many channels can show effects in the range DS~(0.01-0.04)
s
s
s
d
t
0
sin2 from s Penguins…
d
d

SuperB 75 ab-1
K0
~
g
b
b~ X s~
s
d )
d
23 LR
(*) theory limited
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
25
B g K0 at 50/ab with present WA value
J/K0
K0
l =e
David Hitlin
i (2 b + f
SLAC SSI
SUSY
)
A
Þ Sf K = sin(2b + f
A
August 5, 2009
SUSY
26
)
Kinematic distributions in B  K
(*)  
1
FL
0.5
0
1
SM
C7= – C7SM
AFB
0.5
0
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
27
Much more data is required for a definitive result
 
(*)  
 Can be pursued with exclusive B  K l l or inclusiveB  xs l l
reconstruction
 A measure of the relative merits is the precision in determination of the zero
Exclusive
Inclusive
Theory error: 9% + O(L/mb) uncertainty
Egede, Hurth, Matias, Ramon, Reece
arxiv:0807.2589
Theory error: ~5%
Huber, Hurth, Lunghi
arxiv:0712.3009
Experimental error (SHLC): 2.1%
Experimental error (Super B Factory): 4-6%
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
28
The pattern of deviation from the SM values is diagnostic
Model
Bd
Unitarity
Time-dep.
CPV
Rare B decay
Other signals
-
-
-
-
Bd mixing
-
B → (D)*tn
b → sl+l−
Bs → mm
Bs mixing
-
B → KS
B → K∗g
-
Bs mixing
Bd mixing
B → KS
-
-
Split fermions in
large extra
dimensions
Bd mixing
-
b → sl +l −
Bulk fermions in
warped extra
dimensions
Bd mixing
B → KS
b → sl +l −
-
b → sl +l −
b → sg
mSUGRA
(moderate tan)
mSUGRA
(large tan )
SUSY GUT with
nR
Effective SUSY
KK graviton
exchange
Universal extra
dimensions
David Hitlin
-
SLAC SSI
t LFV, n EDM
ACP (b→sg)
b → sl +l −
Bs mixing
-
b → sl +l −
K 0 K 0 mixing
D0 D0 mixing
Bs mixing
D D mixing
0
0
K →nn
August 5, 2009
29
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
30
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David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
31
Conclusions
 Shake the box physics will play a vital role in understanding new
physics found at LHC
 A full set of constraints requires studies of EDMs, (g-2)m,
rare m and t decays, me conversion and rare K, D and B decays
 High statistics (50-75 ab-1 ) data samples at e+e- Super B Factories
provide both
 discovery potential
 charged lepton flavor violation
 CPV in D0 D0 mixing, and
 A DNA chip to discriminate between model of New Physics
 The achievable levels of sensitivity in rare b, c and t decays
provide substantial coverage in the parameter space
 The Super B Factory programs, of course, overlap with the programs
of LHC flavor experiments such as LHCb, but the e+e- environment
makes possible a substantial number of unique and important physics
measurements in areas sensitive to New Physics
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
32
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
33
B Physics: 4S)
Charm mixing and CPV
Charm FCNC
Bs Physics: (5S)
t Physics
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
34
David Hitlin
SLAC SSI
August 5, 2009
35