Ch. 1 Data Storage – Part 1
BIT
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Bit (Binary Digit) = Basic unit of information, _____________________________
. _____________________ The smallest unit of information within the computer.
• The only thing a computer understands.
• Abbreviation: b
• Bit has one of two values:
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____________________________
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____________________________
Bits are really only symbols.
Used to display the one of two different, discrete states.
Bits are used as:
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___________________________
• Numbers
• Text characters
• Images
• Sound
• Etc.
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___________________________
Boolean Operations
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Integrated Circuits (microchips) are used to store and manipulate (process)
bits.
This is done using Boolean operations (in honor of mathematician George Boole,
1815-1864).
_____________________________: An operation that manipulates one or more
true/false values
Specific operations
– AND
– OR
– XOR (exclusive or)
– NOT
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Using ____________________________ we can uses different sets of logic
operations to store, add, subtract, and more complicated operations with bit.
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Truth tables (simple ones)
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_________ operation
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_______________________________________________________
Kermit is a frog AND Miss Piggy is an actress
Inputs to AND operation represent truth of falseness of the compund
statement.
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Gate:
– A device that _____________________________________________
– A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when given the
operation’s input values.
Gates can be:
– Gears
– Relays
– Optic devices
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_________________________________ (microchips)
Boolean Operations – AND Gate
0 = FALSE
1 = TRUE
AND operation
• Both input values must be TRUE for output to be TRUE
2
Boolean Operations – OR Gate
0 = FALSE
1 = TRUE
_____ operation

__________________________________________________________
Boolean Operations – XOR Gate
_____ operation

__________________________________________________________
3
Boolean Operations – NOT Gate
_____ operation
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_________________________________________

_________________________________________
Binary Math
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All digits start with _____
A Base-n number system has n number of digits:
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Decimal: ____________ has ____________
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Binary: ____________ has ____________
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Hexadecimal: ____________ has ____________
The ____________ is always the number of ____________
Each of the following columns is n times the previous column (n = Base-n)
– Base 10: 10,000
1,000
100
10
1
– Base 2:
16
8
4
2
1
– Base 16: 65,536
4,096
256
16
1
4
Base 2 (Binary) Number System
Digits (2): ____________
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Binary Math - Addition
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Half Adder Gate – Adding two bits
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Flip-flop: A circuit built from gates that can store one bit, uses feedback.
A means of storing bits such as RAM
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