Chapter 4 Using Running Records to Look at Social Development “When we look at what the child cannot do, we fail to see all the child can do.” ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. RUNNING RECORDS • Same writing technique as Anecdotal Records • Detailed account of what is observed: who, what, where, when • EXCEPT this is a sample or a specimen, so it is not an event but just an observation of 5−10 minutes of ordinary behavior with all details included ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Uses of Running Records Advantages • Details a segment of normal behavior • Open method, including details • Indicators of many areas of development Disadvantages • Child may feel “watched” and change behavior • Segment may not show normal behavior • Adult’s attention is focused on writing ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. TOPICS IN OBSERVATION The Stew • “The Stew” Story • Meaning ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. What to Do with It • File in child’s portfolio/folder • Use for planning and individualizing curriculum • Share with child and family • Use to document child’s normal (or unusual) behavior ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. LOOKING AT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Play’s place in: • Social development • Social competence and school readiness – Skills learned in play help in school success • Play as the foundation of social studies – Self-identity – How other people live, think – Rules for harmonious interactions ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Theories of Social Development and Implications on Early Childhood Practice • Erikson – Eight stages of man • Piaget – Cognitive theory and social conventional • Behaviorists – Learned behavior • Maslow – Hierarchy of needs • Vygotsky - Peer relationships ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Play’s Place in Development • Physical – Muscle practice, coordination • Emotional – Replay life experiences, outlet for feelings • Creative – Experimentation, imagination • Intellectual – Classification, problem solving • Language – Vocabulary, humor, function in social situations • Social – Sharing, negotiating, gender roles ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Levels of Involvement in Play • • • • • Onlooker – watching others play Solitary – Alone, occupied with play Parallel – Alongside another Associative – Related play theme Cooperative – Sharing materials and sustaining play theme ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Stages of Social Development The need for a selfless society ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Observing Infants and Toddlers in Social Play • Expanding social world from family to others • Physical play with objects • Mostly solitary, not ready for sharing and negotiation (egocentric) • Beginnings of linguistic and dramatic play ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. HELPING ALL CHILDREN WITH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT • Children with Special Needs – Adaptations • Environment • Social facilitation • Activities – Children with Autism • Culture and Social Interactions • Helping Professionals ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Standards Related to Social Development Head Start Performance Standards 1304.21 (3, I, D) Encourage respect for others. ©2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.