Los Angeles Mission College
Child Development 1
FINAL
Name:
1.
Answer:
2.
Answer:
3.
Answer:
4.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
Date:
CHAPTER 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
The human population doubled from 1 to 2 billion between 1800 and 1930. What led to
this increase in population?
a.
government-controlled farming
b.
globalization and shared resources
c.
medical advances that eliminated many diseases
d.
people had more children
Which is the BEST example of a repressed memory?
a.
Every time you smell cookies baking, you think of your grandmother.
b.
Loud noises make you jump.
c.
The divorce of your parents is too sad to think about, so you try to ignore
that it ever happened.
d.
The movie on TV reminds you of a film you watched back in preschool.
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) require researchers to show that deception in a
proposed research study ____.
a.
is a clear objective of the American Psychological Association
b.
will be completely funded by endowment
c.
will contribute to scientific knowledge
d.
will cause no harm to subjects
ESSAY QUESTIONS
Give an example of a collectivist culture and a tradition or behavior that illustrates their
collectivist beliefs.
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5.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
6.
Answer:
7.
Answer:
8.
Answer:
9.
QUESTION
Socioeconomic status has a huge effect on quality of life. Describe the ways in which SES
influences access we have to resources.
CHAPTER 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A person’s ____ is/are their genetic makeup, whereas a person’s ____ is/are their
characteristics.
a.
phenotype; genotype
b.
genotype; phenotype
c.
nucleotides; DNA
d.
DNA; nucleotides
Which of the following is a correct sequence of development during the germinal period?
a.
placenta, implantation, blastocyst
b.
blastocyst, implantation, placenta
c.
placenta, blastocyst, implantation
d.
implantation, placenta, blastocyst
Down syndrome is also known as trisomy-21 because individuals with Down syndrome
____.
a.
have three distinct facial features by the 21st week of pregnancy
b.
show three distinct temperament patterns by the 21st week of infancy
c.
have a third chromosome on the 21st pair
d.
have 21 genes on the 3rd pair of chromosomes
ESSAY QUESTIONS
What does viability mean, and how likely is a fetus to be viable at 22 weeks? At 26
weeks? Why would this vary depending upon whether a person lives in a developed or a
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developing country? What is the main obstacle to viability even by the beginning of the
third trimester?
ANSWER:
10.
QUESTION
You are out to dinner with your friend who is in her second trimester of pregnancy. You
order a beer and she proceeds to order a glass of wine. When you raise a concern about
alcohol being dangerous for the developing fetus, she replies, “My doctor told me it was
okay to have a glass of wine once in a while.” What is your evaluation of this advice?
ANSWER:
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11.
Answer:
12.
Answer:
13.
Answer:
14.
QUESTION
CHAPTER 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Imagine that you are a pregnant woman. You are at one of your last scheduled prenatal
office visits and the doctor determined that your cervix has dilated to 10 centimeters. What
should happen next?
a.
You should get to the hospital; you are ready to deliver the baby!
b.
You probably have at least a week of pregnancy left.
c.
Your doctor just made up that number.
d.
Something is not good. Cervixes do not dilate to 10 centimeters.
Why is a neonate rated on the Apgar scoring system at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes
after birth?
a.
The mother insists on it .
b.
Physicians are likely to make a mistake.
c.
The neonate is crying too much at the first assessment.
d.
A neonate’s condition can change quickly.
You are having a heated debate regarding breast-feeding in developing countries with
your father. He claims that because of the shortage of food in some developing countries,
we should provide formula to these mothers. You argue that breast milk is a better way to
go and that a great number of children die because they are formula fed. What do you tell
your father why formula-feeding is not really such a great idea?
a.
You finally concede since you discover that women in developing countries
cannot breast-feed.
b.
You finally concede because you learn that malaria can be spread through
breast milk.
c.
The formula is often mixed with contaminated water, which leads to 1.5
million infant deaths per year.
d.
The formula is tainted in shipment, which causes severe illness and death
ESSAY QUESTIONS
You visit your friend in the hospital after giving birth to her first child, and her husband
mentions that he is so relieved that the APGAR score was a 9, so now he doesn’t have to
worry about any problems. He states that, “My best friend had a baby with Down
Syndrome, and their baby’s APGAR was really low; we are so lucky that our baby is
above average in intelligence.” Explain what the APGAR stands for and comment on the
above quote.
ANSWER:
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15.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
16.
Answer:
17.
Answer:
18.
Answer:
How are sleep patterns related to the environment the newborn is raised in?
CHAPTER 4 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
At birth the size of an infant’s brain is ____% of an adult’s brain and by age 2 it is ____%
of an adult’s brain.
a.
5%; 50%
b.
15%; 60%
c.
25%; 70%
d.
35%; 80%
What is one criticism mentioned in the text regarding Piaget’s explanation of object
permanence? Infants’ mistakes were due to ____.
a.
difficulties with cognitive immaturity
b.
methodological issues
c.
a lack of understanding of the permanence of objects
d.
memory development
Thomas and Chess (1956) assessed infants on which of the following qualities, among
others, to create their categories of temperament?
a.
activity level, adaptability, intensity of reaction, and quality of mood
b.
psychosocial dynamics, physiological responses, anxiety level, and
adaptability
c.
irritability, quality of mood, attachment style, and psychosocial dynamics
d.
attachment style, physiological responses, anxiety level, and irritability
ESSAY QUESTIONS
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19.
QUESTION
Your neighbor tells you that she is going to buy her child the “Baby Einstein” videos,
saying that, “even though they are really expensive, they are worth it.” She asks you what
you think. Provide a response based on research evidence.
ANSWER:
20.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
Describe the process of emotional development in the first two years of life.
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21.
Answer:
22.
Answer:
23.
Answer:
24.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
25.
QUESTION
CHAPTER 5 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Your sister is very concerned about your nephew, who is a toddler. When they were at the
pediatrician’s office, the doctor measured your nephew’s head circumference and his
head is not growing as quickly as his body. What should you tell your sister?
a.
She should find a good surgeon. The fontanels must have closed too soon.
b.
You suggest that your nephew must have microcephaly.
c.
This is to be expected, as the body grows faster than the head during
toddlerhood.
d.
You should remind her that she also has a very small head.
After work you drive home to find that your toddler is pushing the garage door opener so
that the garage door opens and then shuts. At first you were a little unhappy that she was
doing this, but you remembered your training in development and realized that your
daughter was engaged in what Piaget referred to as ____.
a.
tertiary circular reactions
b.
secondary circular reactions
c.
primary circular reactions
d.
reflexes
Learning to regulate their ____ helps toddlers to regulate their ____.
a.
explicit emotions; subjective emotions
b.
subjective emotions; explicit emotions
c.
primary emotions; sociomoral emotions
d.
sociomoral emotions; primary emotions
ESSAY QUESTIONS
How is Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development different from Piaget’s theory?
Why does autism become harder to deal with in an adult versus a child?
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ANSWER:
26.
Answer:
27.
Answer:
28.
Answer:
29.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 6 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Mehrak lives in America and is 45 inches tall and weighs 45 pounds. She is in good health
and her pediatrician says she is developing at a normal pace. Knowing her height and
weight it is safe to say that Mehrak is around ____.
a.
2 years old
b.
4 years old
c.
6 years old
d.
8 years old.
According to Piaget, it is not until _____ that we truly become representational thinkers.
a.
early infancy
b.
early toddlerhood
c.
early childhood
d.
early teens
Children who have problems of undercontrol of their emotions are at risk for ____.
a.
ulcers and other physical problems
b.
aggression and conflict in early childhood and beyond
c.
not realizing their academic potential
d.
not likely to have serious relationships as adults
ESSAY QUESTIONS
Name and describe the two substages of the preoperational stage.
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30.
QUESTION
Compare and contrast the outcomes for children of authoritative parents versus those of
authoritarian parents based on research with White, middle-class families. Provide a
rationale for why parents’ behavior influenced their children in these ways.
ANSWER:
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Answer:
CHAPTER 7 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Hearing improves in middle childhood because the tube in the inner ear that is often the
site of ear infections in toddlerhood and early childhood has now matured to be
longer and narrower than it was before. How does this help with ear infections?
a.
The tympanic membrane becomes less permeable.
b.
It allows the immune system to concentrate its efforts on this area.
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c.
32.
Answer:
33.
Answer:
34.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
35.
QUESTION
Children develop immunity to the bacteria that cause ear infections during
this time.
d.
Less bacteria-containing fluid flows from the mouth to the ear.
Ashton is shown two round balls of clay equal in size. He watches as the experimenter
rolls one ball into a long sausage shape and asks which of the shapes has more clay. If
Ashton is in Piaget’s preoperational stage he will reply, ____.
a.
“the long one”
b.
“they are both the same”
c.
“the ball”
d.
“I can’t tell”
Outbursts of crying and anger are fairly ____ in the early years of life; by middle childhood
the frequency of such emotions has ____.
a.
universal; grown exponentially
b.
unusual; disappeared
c.
rare; increased substantially
d.
frequent; declined substantially
ESSAY QUESTIONS
A 9-year-old would be in what Piagetian stage? Describe two tasks that they would be
able to do that they could not do at the previous stage.
Describe one important determinant of whether children respond positively or negatively
after their parents’ divorce? How long does it take for things to “get back to normal?” Are
there sex differences? Why?
ANSWER:
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36.
Answer:
37.
Answer:
38.
Answer:
39.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
CHAPTER 8 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
With regard to pubertal development for females, what is the most important estrogen?
a.
testosterone
b.
estradiol
c.
estriol
d.
androgen
For Piaget, cognitive advances at each stage were reflected not just in the answers
children devised for problems, but in ____.
a.
their explanations for how they came to the solution
b.
the emotional maturity with which they solved the problems
c.
how long the child would stay on task
d.
the advancement of the child’s memory abilities
Adolescent emotionality is often attributed to “raging hormones,” and most scholars view
the emotional changes of adolescence as due to ____ more than to ____.
a.
social and emotional factors; behavioral consequences
b.
behavioral consequences; social and emotional factors
c.
cognitive and environmental factors; biological changes
d.
biological changes; cognitive and emotional factors
ESSAY QUESTIONS
What are some of the negative consequences of working while in high school?
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40.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
41.
Answer:
42.
Answer:
43.
What research methodology has been used to track adolescents’ emotions? Discuss the
findings comparing the emotional experiences of adolescents to younger children.
CHAPTER 9 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
What are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods?
a.
It is the age of identity explorations, instability, being self-focused, feeling
in-between, and possibilities.
b.
It is the age of stability, being other-focused, identity diffusion, feeling inbetween, and stagnation.
c.
It is the age of identity moratorium, stability, feeling marginalized, being
self-focused, and developing a global worldview.
d.
It is the age of instability, being other-focused, identity foreclosure, feeling
marginalized, and possibilities
Jean Piaget proposed that cognitive development reaches full maturity at formal
operations; however, contemporary researchers proposed that this is not the case, but
rather that cognitive maturity extends into ____.
a.
postformal thinking
b.
preformal thinking
c.
metacognitive thinking
d.
analytical thinking
Moving from adolescence, most individuals experience a slight increase in self-esteem as
they enter into emerging adulthood. ____ is/are a physiological factor, whereas _____ is a
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Answer:
44.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
45.
QUESTION
ANSWER:
social factor.
a.
b.
c.
d.
An established self-concept; developing career goals
Developed career goals; establishing one’s self-concept
The ending of puberty; the ending of secondary school
The ending of secondary school; the ending of puberty
ESSAY QUESTIONS
Compare and contrast the college experience of the Japanese and those from one other
country.
When it comes to romantic partners, do “opposites attract” or “do birds of a feather flock
together?” Cite research to support your answer and explain why.
BONUS ESSAY QUESTION
How has mobile phone use changed the way you interact with your friends? Provide evidence for its
popularity from the book.
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