Toddler
Spring 2016
Milestones of Gross Motor Development
(months)
 11-19
 9-16
 9-17
 11-21
 13-17
 14-22
 16-30
 17-30
 22-36
Stand alone
Walk without support
Stand on 1 leg
Climbs (chairs, etc.)
Walk backward
Run
Walk on tiptoes
Jump in place
Walk up & down stairs
Milestones of Fine Motor Development
(Months)
 7-15
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Hold writing instrument (i.e. –crayon)
8-16 Coordinate actions of both hands
10-19 Build tower of 2 blocks
10-21 Scribble
12-18 Feed self with spoon
15-23 Build tower of 3-4 blocks
20-28 Draw straight line on paper
24-32 Brush teeth
26-34 Build tower of 8-10 blocks
29-37 Copy circle
Toilet Training
 Between 18 & 30 months of age
 Key Signs:
Piaget’s 5th substage
 Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 mos)
 The child intentionally tries an action out, to see what the
effects will be (performed repeatedly)
 Examples?
 Text: Little Scientists (i.e. – Twins & flushing toilet)
Piaget’s 6th substage
 Mental Representations (18-24 mos.)
 Child first thinks about the possibilities & selects the action
which most likely to achieve the desired outcome
Language: are mental representations we have of objects, people,
actions, & ideas
Text: Lucienne & matchbox w/ chain in it
Piano
Pavo real
Paddle board
Lacrosse
Language Acquisition Theories
 Praise/reward influences
 Children are active
the development of
language.
 Training by parents is
necessary for language
acquisition.
 Utterances are learned
through imitation…
learners of language.
 Parents do not have to
train their child to learn
language
 Rules of sentence
structure cannot be
taught to children in
order to acquire
language…
Learning Theory:
B.F. Skinner
Behavior Ecology Theory:
Noam Chomsky
Language Development
 Cooing- birth – 2-6 mos.; 1 vowel sound; “oooo”
 Babbling- emerges at 6 mos; string 2 + sounds;
“papapa”
Vygotsky & Speech
 Private speech - children talk to themselves in a self-guiding
& self-directing way
a) First aloud
b) Then internally
 Used to work through new concepts & experiences