Infancy
Attachment & Temperament
Spring 2016
Infancy – Piaget’s Sensory Sub-stages
1)
Reflexive schemes (0- 1 mos.) - Centering around the infant’s own
body…(sucking, rooting & grasping)
2) Primary circular reactions (1- 4 mos.)- Repeated movements, centering
around infant’s body & objects…by chance
3) Secondary circular reactions (4-8) - Infants repeat actions that include
objects in their environment; focus on reactions from the object &
reactions of other’s in the environment…
4) A child’s ability to relate 2 actions (8-12 mos.) Intentional
behavior…moving Piaget’s hand out of the way to get a desired object.
(Bowlby )Attachment/Fijación (Apego)
 The emotional bond between an infant and their primary
caregiver…Es una relación emotiva y social que perdura
Phases of attachment/ Fases de Fijación (Apego)
Phase 1 (Birth – 2 mos.): Indiscriminate Social
Responsiveness/ Reaccion Social Indistinto
Phase 2 (2-7 mos.): Discriminate Social Responsiveness/
Respuesta Social Discriminado
Phase 3 (8-24 mos.): Focused Attachment/ Fijación
(Apego) Enfocado
 Attachment is connected to an infant’s emotional &
physical development…el apego es relacionado a el
desarrollo emotivo y físico.
 Wariness of strangers/ Cuidado o miedo de
extraños-infant will cry and retreat to the mother in the
presence of a stranger.
 Separation protest (anxiety)/ Protesta la
separación- the infant will cry & look for the mother
when they are separated.
 Attachment styles:
- Secure
- Insecure
- Avoidant/Ambivalent
Temperament/Temperamento
 The aspect of personality, which includes emotional
expressiveness & responsiveness to environmental
stimulation; also refers to one’s “personality”. Es la
conformacíon reactiva de un individuo, el aspecto
espontáneo de su personalidad.
 Procede de la combinación de disposiciones características
emanadas de sus apetitos, emociones, y estado de ánimo.
 Describes the behavioral style, reflecting how a child does
something (response); es una descripción de el estilo de
comportamiento.
 Temperamental style develops with age; predictions based on
stability of temperament are more accurate after 24 mos. of
age; se desarrolla conforme la persona crece.
 Stability of temperament style relies on: child’s experience,
environment, parenting practices & goodness of fit (“buen
juego con su ambiente, etc.”); estabilidad depende en la
experiencia del niño.
 Goodness of fit/ Juego adecuado- a concept describing the
relation between a child’s temperament & his or her social
and environmental surroundings (caregiver/home, parenting
practices, community, etc.)
Thomas & Chess: 9 dimensions of temperament
 Activity/ Actividad - refers to how active a child is
Nivel de actividad…
 Intensity/ Intensidad - refers to the energy level of a
child’s response
Nivel de energía de la respuesta del niño…
 Sensitivity/ Sensibilidad - refers to how much
stimulation is needed to evoke a child’s response…
 El nivel de estimulacion que se requiere para que responda
un niño…
 Adaptability/ Adaptabilidad - refers to how much time
a child takes to adjust to
changes/intrusions/restrictions/transitions, etc.
Se refiere a cuanto tiempo le toma al niño ajustar a
cambios/restricciónes/limitaciónes, transiciónes, etc.
 Approach -Withdrawal/ Aproximació - Retirarse refers to a child’s response to new things: food, person, toy
or place
Se refiere a como el niño responde a cosas nuevas…
 Persistence/ Persistencia - refers to a child’s tendency to
continue an activity until it is finished
La tendencia del niño, que continue con una actividad haste que
acabe.
 Distractability/ Distracción- refers to how easily a child
is drawn away from an activity he or she is involved in
Que tan fácil se distrae el niño…
 Rhythmicity/ Rítmico- refers to the predictability of a
child’s sleep-wake cycle, hunger/eating pattern, &
elimination pattern.
El nivel que se puede predecir los ciclos del niño…
 Mood/ Humor- refers to a child’s tendency to be smiling
and cheerful as opposed to unsmiling & thoughtful
La tendencia del niño, de sonreír, estar de buen humor
3 main categories were identified/ 3 Categorías:
 The easy child/ El niño fácil
 The difficult child/ El niño difícil
 The slow-to-warm-up child/ El niño lento para
calentarse