The following is an example
of a Chicago Style paper in
the Notes Bibliography (NB)
format with NO
bibliography
UNICORNUCOPIA: THE RISE OF THE UNICORN EMPIRE
The title of the
paper is centered
and in all capital
letters, then placed
on the page about
1/3 from the top
ALL Chicago papers should be
formatted to have:
 A legible font in 11-12 point size
 Double-spaced text
 1” margins on all sides
Squatty McCupcakes
Art 3200: Modern Unicorns
April 13, 2015
Down another 1/3 of the
page lists the following and
should be centered and
single-spaced:
Name
Course #: Course title
Date
EVERY time you reference a source
(including direct quotes, paraphrases, and
summaries - any source material gathered from
another author) you MUST use a footnote, endnote,
and/or in-text citation to cite your source and avoid
plagiarism
Page #’s begin on
the first page of text
and are placed in
the top right corners
1
Our world has seen many wondrous and fantastical creatures, but perhaps most popular
is the unicorn. History involves some great moments as it recounts many notable unicorns: The
Last Unicorn1 who freed the world’s unicorns from imprisonment in the sea, Unico2 who was
NB style papers
use notes to
credit sources.
Most often, NB
paper will use
footnotes, which
occur on the
page where a
source is cited.
Notice the
superscripted
“1” after The
Last Unicorn.
The “1” indicates
that there is a
note citing this
source material.
At the bottom of
page 1, a
footnote labeled
with “1” cites
the source
information.
gifted in sharing happiness, and Twilight Sparkle of My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic3 who
learns that friendship is truly a powerful and magical force. Unicorns have phenomenal mystic
powers and have influenced culture with their sparkle and supreme greatness. This paper shall
follow the course of the unicorn through human history, from its inception to its decline, and its
ascension into popular culture.
The myth of the unicorn was first documented in ancient Indian text and marks the
beginning of the unicorn empire that is destined to last through eternity, adding more and
more unicorns to its annals. The diversity in the unicorn empire came because of the number of
admirers unicorns were able to incorporate into their minions and influence to create visual
representations of their likeness and magic. Development in the areas of art, literature, and
philosophy took place in the unicorn empire, as it continuously borrowed from various
civilizations and cultures. The unicorns left such a mark on many world cultures that artists and
writers were able to spread unicorn sparkle all over the world.
Unicorns are intelligent creatures that avoided human discovery for some millennia.
Hunt claims that unicorns were first documented by natural historians and were located in
1. The Last Unicorn, directed by Jules Bass and Arthur Rankin, Jr., (1982; Pinewood, England: ITC
Entertainment, 2007), DVD.
2. Unico, directed by Moribi Morano, (1983; Japan: Madhouse and Discotek Media, 2012), DVD.
3. My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, first broadcast 10 October 2010 by The Hub Network.Footnotes occur on
the page that the
Created by Lauren Faust, Produced by Hasbro Studios and DHX Media, Television Show.
source was used.
Note’s 1-3 occur on
page 1 and are
highlighted in the text
on page 1.
In an NB paper that does NOT have a bibliography, notes follow both the long and short formats. When a source is introduced for the first time in a paper, it
will follow the long format which includes full bibliographic information similar to what you would list in a reference page (see
http://prezi.com/wfdmqnjhiylm/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy&rc=ex0share for formatting sources). Once a source has been introduced,
sources will be credited using the short format, which includes the Author’s last name, title of the work, and page number or medium. Notes 42and 8 on this
page show an example of how these formats are used.
India.4 Unicorns cleverly disguised themselves as other horned animals to avoid discovery,
which kept unicorns hidden from the human world for hundreds of years.5 As myths of the
unicorns travelled across cultures and time, it spurred humankind to seek unicorns for the
benefit of their mystical powers.
During the renaissance, royalty were keen to hunt and trap unicorns in order to steal
their horns.6 Research and history is unclear as to the development of strategies which were
You may find that you will use the
believed to attract unicorns and allow capture; however, it was believedsame
thatsource
virgin multiple
maidenstimes. When
using the same source consecutively,
Chicagobelief
uses the
could attract the unicorn.7 The desire to acquire unicorn horns and prevalent
thatterm
their"ibid"
(meaning, "in the same place") to
indicate
the reader that you are
horns were imbued with phenomenal healing properties causes unicorns
to be to
hunted
using the same source as referenced
8
above
.
relentlessly and pushed them into hiding. The belief in the potential forimmediately
human benefit
from
the left, Note 5 issuch
using the same
unicorns and demand from royalty likely influenced the influx of artisticOn
representations,
source and page number of note 4.
as the Hunt of the Unicorn
tapestries.9
Although efforts to discover and capture unicorns rose
Note 7 is using the same source as
note 6, but a different page number.
greatly during the renaissance, unicorns remained clever enough to avoid humans, resulting in
Note 8 is using a previously mentioned
source, but since it is not the same as
the source in note 7, the short version
is used to indicate that the source has
shifted from the previously mentioned
source.
4. Kenneth Hunt. “The Lore of the Unicorn,” Colonial Homes 22, no. 6 (1996): 78.
an influx of fake unicorn horns from narwhals.
5. Ibid.
6. James Giblin and Michael McDermott. The Truth About Unicorns. (New York, N.Y: Harper
Collins Publishers, 1991), 48-49.
7. Ibid., 128-30.
8. Hunt, “The Lore of the Unicorn,” 78.
9. John Williamson, The Oak King, The Holly King, and The Unicorn: The Myths and Symbolism of
The Unicorn Tapestries. (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 1986), 4-28.
3
Unicorns continued to fascinate humans and became more and more prevalent in visual
cultures. Representations of unicorns grew in tapestries, paintings, European family crests,
sculptures, Asian scrolls; which further supported various cultures preceding religious texts
which mention the unicorn. Although unicorns remained inconspicuous, human fascination
with unicorns gave rise to visual representations.10 Through visual culture, unicorns became
firmly rooted in human history. For a time, unicorns quietly retreated from human eyes to
remain safe from those who would hunt them for their precious horns.11 Although the unicorns
fled, the idea of the unicorn continued to enchant human hearts.
As visual representations continued to spread throughout the world, unicorns began to
bleed heavily into popular culture through comics and film, thus ensnaring humans under their
sparkly spell. While there are many examples of unicorns in popular culture, The Last Unicorn
and My Little Pony have regained a firm foothold in current popular culture. Both titles have
benefitted from their fan base to further promote unicorns. The Last Unicorn is currently
touring with the author Peter S. Beagle, the author of the book which the movie is based upon,
and is revisiting theaters and unicorn fans for the first time since 1982.12 My Little Pony, which
was originally launched in 1983, has gone through four re-releases.13 Arguably, the 2010 release
10. Roger Caillois and R. Scott Walker, “The Myth of the Unicorn,” Diogenes 30, no. 119: (1982)
1-23.
11. Williamson, The Oak King, The Holly King, and The Unicorn, 4-28.
12. The Last Unicorn Screening Tour, Conlan Press, 2013, http://lastunicorntour.com/.
13. Giblin and McDermott, The Truth About Unicorns, 105-06.
4
of My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, has been the most successful relaunch of the series and
enraptured not only female fans but also males, whom are often referred to as “bronies.” 14 As
unicorns continue to saturate popular culture, the magic and sparkle grows in the hearts of
humans.
Though unicorns remain mysterious and elusive, their presence in the hearts of those
who love them remains strong and sparkly. Though the existence of unicorns began before the
introduction of humans, the myth of the unicorn was constructed by them. The power unicorns
possessed was enough to drive humans to try and acquire such power and to fascinate humans
enough that visual representations of unicorns mirrored their importance to human culture.
However, since the ascension of the unicorn empire, Twilight Sparkle of My Little Pony, reminds
humans of the great power in friendship.
Further Resources
ECU Writing
http://www.ecu.edu/writing/
ECU Writing Resources
http://www.ecu.edu/cs-acad/writing/wac/resources_writing_process.cfm
Chicago Manual Citation Guide
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
Purdue OWL Chicago Resource
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/1/
Turabian Citation Guide
http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turabian_citationguide.html
14. Ibid., 108.