High Temperature
Superconducting Solenoid Punch
Our Mission
Make an actuator using BSSCO 2223
HTS tape from American Superconductor
What is an actuator?
A device that converts between mechanical energy and other forms
Copper solenoids
http://www.magnet-schultz.com/msafront2.jpg
MEMX High Performance Steerable MicroMirrors
http://www.memx.com/products.htm
What is a superconductor?
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A material that conducts without resistance
Impenetrable by external magnetic fields (up
to a point)
Two types: Type I and Type II
Examples:
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YBCO: Yttrium barium copper oxide
BSSCO 2212, 2223: (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox,
(Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox
Permanent magnet levitating over a superconductor
http://helium.ee.tut.fi/supraryhma/images/korkealla.jpg
BSSCO 2223
Structure
BSSCO 2223 Unit Cell
http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/uploads/approved/adtNWU20030305.113225/public/02Whole.pdf
Our HTS Tape
American Superconductor
BSSCO 2223
4 mm (W) x 0.21 mm (T)
Up to ~108 A
Critical temperature (TC) of 110 K
BSSCO 2223 Processing
BSSCO 2223: IC vs. H
Current vs. Bending Diameter
Actuator Choice
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Persistent actuator?
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Can’t make superconducting junction
Core choice
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Magnetostrictive
Hard magnet
Soft magnet
Coil Radius Setup
Radius Measurements
2.5" Diameter Loop
0.16
0.14
Voltage (mV)
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
20
40
60
80
Current (A)
100
120
140
The Apparatus
Field Calculations
Force

Magnetization of Fe: 334225 A/m
dF  A  M  B  dx
75
50
25
-10
-5
5
-25
-50
-75
Force (N, cm)
10
Apparatus Fabrication
Solenoid Assembly
Assembled Solenoid
Testing: Magnetic Field
Testing: Magnetic Gradient
Field vs. Position
50
40
30
20
Field (Oersted)
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0
1
2
3
Axial position (in.)
Field Measurement
Field derivative
1 amp, room temperature
4
5
Self-Field Tests
Self-Field Tests
Maximum Magnetic Field vs. Current
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
Koersted
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
10
20
30
40
Current (A)
50
60
70
80
Current Tests
Critical Current for Solenoid
250
200
Voltage (mV)
150
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
Current (A)
50
60
70
80
Load Cell Setup
Force
Force vs. Displacement
70
60
50
40
Force (N)
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-1
0
1
2
3
Position (in.)
4
5
6
7
Supercool
Conclusions
Copper solenoid (1.5” x 2.4”) outperforms our actuator (force),
even at room temperature
Energy Density
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Energy density of Supercool solenoid:
17400 J/m3
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7.0 cm outer diameter
3.36 J of total energy
Energy density of 1.5” x 2.4” Cu
solenoid: 16100 J/m3
Further Considerations
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Commercial tape: > 135 A
Colder temperature
YBCO 2nd generation tape
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~ 7 T at 77K
Acknowledgements
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Professor Chiang
Professor Vander Sande
Yin-Lin Xie
David Bono
Ken Stone
Ed Moriarty
Leslie Bromberg
3.082 staff
References
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YBCO second generation tape:
http://www.amsuper.com/html/products/library/2g_white_paper_-_march_2004.pdf
Montgomery, D. Bruce. Solenoid Magnet Design: The Magnetic and Mechanical Aspects
of Resistive and Superconducting Systems. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1969.
Magnet-Schultz commercial Cu solenoid:
http://magnet-schultz.com/newRTP24X19INT.htm