Søren Juhl Andreasen
HTPEM Fuel Cells
- Analysis of usage in mobile applications 1
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Introduction to the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg
University, Denmark
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Research areas
Educations
Recent and current research activities
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Master thesis, 500 W PEM Fuel Cell system
Reseach assistent, 3 kW DMFC UPS
PhD project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Development in Denmark from 80’ties to 90’ties:
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Local generation
Central generation
Source:
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Research program organisation
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Institute of Energy Technology
Electric Power
Systems
Power Electronic
Systems
Electrical
Machines
Fluid Power
Systems
Fluid Mechanics
and Combustion
Thermal Energy
Systems
Fuel Cell Research Program
Industrial Partners
Research Institutions
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Overview of Educations at IET
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From next year an International M.Sc. Specialization on Windpower will be included!
Electrical Engineering
High
Voltage
Engineering
and Power
systems
Power
Electronics
and Drives
Electrical Energy
Technology (EET)
Mechanical Engineering
Sustainable
Energy
Engineering
(HyTec)
Fluids and
Combustion
Engineering
Electro
Mechanical
System
Design
(FACE)
(EMSD)
8th to 10th sem
Intro semester
6th to 7th sem
B.Sc. & Honer
Industry and export
Electronics and Electrical
(In the future this
will most likely be
“Energy”)
Engineering
BASIC YEAR
Within the following years an energy study board will be formed to
enhance the fundamental education (3rd to 5th semester) to be directed
more towards energy technology.
3rd to 5th sem
1st and 2nd sem
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Fuel cell research programme
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Mission
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To promote sustainable energy production by conducting definitive
leading edge research at international level in fuel cell technology.
Main Research Areas
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Fluid mechanics
System modeling and optimization
Advanced system control
Power electronics
System
design
System
control
Test
systems
Component
design
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Stack and system test facilities
Single cell test facilities
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Advanced stack tests
-Gas composition
-Humidity (anode, cathode)
-Heat management
System test facilities
-HT-PEM
-DMFC
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Design and Control of a 500W PEM Fuel Cell System
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Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering specialized in Electro-mechanical system design
Søren Juhl Andreasen
3 kW DMFC Emergency Power Generator (APC)
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Research assistent, modeling of DMFC, steady state, dynamic, BoP
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Research Project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack (3.107 DKR)
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Brint
Fyldestation
Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack
Lager
Brændselscelle
Elmotor
Power Elektronik
Anvendelse
Brintbærer
2 Technical University PhD : Design and control of BoP , Power Electronics and motor design
1 Industrial PhD (Technological Institute of Denmark) : Stack charaterization and diagnostics
2 Mercantile PhD : Focus on the market, up-stream and down-stream
2 Educational institutions (Aalborg University, Copenhagen Business School)
1 GTS Danish Insititue of Technology
1 Component manufacturer (Parker)
3 R&D companies (Dantherm,HIRC,EGJ, H2Logic)
1 Composite materials company (Xperion)
4 Application companies (Electrical bike, Truck, Pallet handler…)
2 Power electronics companies (Migatronic , KK-Electronic)
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Systemopbygning
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Possibilities for an overall configuration of a power pack
1. Fuel Cell alone
2. Fuel Cell og DC/DC-converter
DC
FC
Advantages:
Very simple system
Disadvantages:
Very large FC stack ($$ !)
AC
Inverter
FC must handle power peaks
Motor
High demands for motor and intverer
Variating DC voltage
Advantages:
DC
FC
DC
DC/DC
Steady DC inverter voltage
AC
Inverter
Simple
Motor
Disadvantages:
Very large FC stack ($$ !)
FC handles power peaks
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Systemopbygning
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3. Operation with FC, DC/DC-converter and buffer energy storage
a) Energy storage : battery
b) Energy storage : battery and super capacitor
c) Energy storage : super capacitor
DC
DC
FC
DC/DC
Buffer
AC
Inverter
Motor
Preferable system configuration
SCAP
BAT
FC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
DC/DC
Adv.:
I
n
v
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t
e
r
Smaller FC stack
Steady DC inverter voltage
AC
Super cap. only for power peaks
Battery as extra energy storage
Motor
FC stack charges batteries and supercaps
Full control of charging and discharging
D.adv.:
Exstra charging circuits for battery and
supercaps
More complicated system
Søren Juhl Andreasen
System, HT-PEM with Reformer
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Feasible fuels, liquid i.e. methanol (ethanol)
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Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Fuel cell system with reformer
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High Temperature PEM running on reformed methanol
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LTPEM (Classic Nafion membran)
HTPEM (PBI membrane)
FC operating conditions 120-200 C
Methanol reformer temperature 200-250 C
Thermal integration
Lower cell voltage
No CO-poisoning (!)
No humidity control -> Very simple stack and system design (!)
New technology
Potential for improvements
Significantly less expensive than Nafion based MEA’s (!)
Liquid water must never be present
Possible cooling with cathode air
Long start-up time
FC system and application control
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Classic linear control. P PI PID control. ss control, observer design
Nonlinear control. Lyaponov theory, robust control
Optimal control
Søren Juhl Andreasen
Performance of HTPEM
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Søren Juhl Andreasen
Thanks for your attention
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www.iet.aau.dk/~sja