PHYS-1500 PHYSICAL MODELING
Class 11:
A Compound Bow
FALL 2005
NAME ____________ANSWERS___________
When an arrow is launched by a bow, the arrow acquires kinetic energy equal to the work done
on it by the bow (ignoring frictional effects). For bows of classical design, such as that used by
Robin Hood, the force exerted by the bow is approximately proportional to its displacement from
its equilibrium position. Therefore, such bows work much like a simple spring.
However, for a compound bow, a relatively recent development in the field of archery, the
relationship between force and displacement is far from a straight line. In this problem, you will
investigate some of the differences between a standard ("recurve") bow and a compound bow.
The Excel file "bows.xls" contains tables of forces exerted by recurve and compound bows for
over 300 different displacements from equilibrium. These data have been graphed to illustrate
the very non-linear nature of the compound bow. Even though neither of the graphs is a straight
line, it is possible to calculate the work done by the bows as functions of the distance they have
been pulled back. Graphs of work vs. displacement have been set up, but they will be blank when
the spreadsheet is first opened. They will be filled in automatically when you calculate the work
done by the bows. You can open the Excel file by double clicking on the icon below.
Work is the area under the graph of F vs. x, so the area from x = 0 to any selected value of x
gives the work done when the bow is released from that value of x. To calculate this area, you
can calculate the area of each of the vertical strips between adjacent data points. These can be
calculated with the help of the formula for the area of a trapezoid. For points 1 and 2 this formula
is, dW = (x2 – x1)(F2 + F1)/2. That can be interpreted as the width of the base of the strip times
the average value of the height. Enter the formula that will calculate the area of these strips in the
column marked dW. For the recurve bow, enter the formula for the strip from C8 to C9 in cell
E9. The formula is,
=(C9 – C8)*(D8 + D9)/2.
Then use the "fill down" command to copy the formula into cells E10 through E309. To get the
area from x = 0 to any value of x, the areas of these strips must be added up (integrated), and the
running sum listed. Column G contains the values of x again, for graphing purposes, and work
can be listed in column H, which is labeled "W(J)". The first entry in the work column is zero, in
cell H8, and the rest of the cells are blank. Cell H9 should contain the sum of the entry in H8
plus the work done in the first strip. Cell H10 should contain the sum of the value in H9 plus the
work done in the second strip, etc. This can be accomplished by entering in cell H9, the formula,
=E9+H8
and then copying it into cells H10 through H309 with the "Fill Down" command. When you
have completed this, the graph of work vs. displacement for the conventional bow will appear.
Repeat the entire process for the compound bow data. The column numbers are different, but the
procedure is the same. Also note that there are more data for the compound bow, so when "fill
down" is used, the formulae must be copied to cells numbered up to 359.
On the paper that you turn in:
1. Then, record the work done by each bow when x is pulled to about 45 cm (0.45 m), the point
at which the force exerted by the compound bow reaches a local minimum.
Wrec = _______58.0 J________
units
Wcom = _____64.3 J__________
units
2. Which bow does more work when pulled 45 cm? (Circle the correct choice.)
RECURVE
COMPOUND
3. Which bow requires the greater force while being aimed? (Circle the correct choice.)
RECURVE
COMPOUND
4. Calculate the speed of an arrow fired from each bow if it released from x = 45 cm (0.45 m),
the point at which the force exerted by the compound bow reaches a local minimum. The
mass of the arrow is given in the spreadsheet. It is m = 0.036 kg = 36 g.
vrec = _____56.8 m/s__________
units
vcom = ______59.8 m/s________
units
5. Do you see why compound bows have become popular?
Yes. They require less force while aiming, and they produce greater arrow speed.