Lower Middle Regeneration
Experiment Climate & Regeneration
INGY 2014
Fred C. Martin
WA Dept. Natural Resources
Olympia, WA
Objectives
•
•
•
•
•
Evaluate planting versus natural regeneration with
respect to survival, growth, and stocking.
Evaluate survival, growth, and stocking on forest
health, species diversity, stand structure, and yield.
Monitor survival and growth of residual over-story
trees, and their impact on regeneration.
Evaluate effect of covariates (habitat type,
understory vegetation, duff, CWD, etc.) on both
regeneration and residual overstory trees.
Conduct annual measurements to provide validation
for climate driven growth models.
Design
• Randomized Complete Block (RBCD)
• Two Habitat Types
– GF/Clun
– WH/Clun
• Two Blocks of Each Habitat Type
– GF-1 and GF-2
– WH-1 and WH-2
• Two Treatments
– No Plant
– Plant
• Replications
– Three reps of each treatment in each block
– 2 hab typ X 2 blks X 2 tmnts X 3 reps = 24 exp units
• Split plot design for each planted treatment
– Three different species planted in each treatment
Block & Rep Layout
Replication Details
•
•
•
•
Rectangular 1/10th acre
Replications paired for treatment assignment
Divided into 25 1/250th acre tabulation cells
Each planted treatment cell contains one planted
– Ponderosa pine (1-1, camp-run stock)
– Western larch (2-0, camp-run stock)
– Western white pine (Plug-1, 2nd generation)
• Trees planted on equal area hexagonal grid
WH-2 Rep 2, 1995
WH-2 Rep 1, 1997
WH-2 Rep 1, 1998
WH-2 Rep 1, 2002
WH-2 Rep 1, 2013
GF-1 Rep 4, 1995
GF-1 Rep 4, 2012
WH-1 Rep 2, 1997
WH-1 Rep2, 1999
WH-1 Rep 2, 2000
WH-1 Rep 2, 2002
WH-1 Rep 2, 2005
WH-1 Rep 2, 2010
Climate Questions
• Can temperature be measured with sufficient
precision?
• Is temperature correlated with productivity?
Maximum Temperatures
Maximum by Block
Max Temp
55 70 85
Max Temp
55 70 85
Maximum by Block
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35
GF1, 5-day period from April 1
0
Maximum by Block
Max Temp
55 70 85
Max Temp
55 70 85
Maximum by Block
5
10 15 20 25 30 35
Gf2, 5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35
WH1, 5-day period from April 1
0
Maximum by Habitat Type
Max Temp
55 70 85
Max Temp
55 70 85
Maximum by Location
5
10 15 20 25 30 35
WH2, 5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35
River-Ridge,5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35
GF vs WH, 5-day period from April 1
Average Temperatures
Average by Block
Avg Temp
30 50 70
Avg Temp
30 50 70
Average by Block
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
GF1, 5-day period from April 1
0
Average by Block
Avg Temp
30 50 70
Avg Temp
30 50 70
Average by Block
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
Gf2, 5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
WH1, 5-day period from April 1
0
Average by Habitat Type
Avg Temp
30 50 70
Avg Temp
30 50 70
Average by Location
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
WH2, 5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
River-Ridge,5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
GF vs WH, 5-day period from April 1
Minimum Temperatures
Minimum by Block
Min Temp
25 40 55
Min Temp
25 40 55
Minimum by Block
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
GF1, 5-day period from April 1
0
Minimum by Block
Min Temp
25 40 55
Min Temp
25 40 55
Minimum by Block
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
Gf2, 5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
WH1, 5-day period from April 1
0
Minimum by Habitat Type
Min Temp
25 40 55
Min Temp
25 40 55
Minimum by Location
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
WH2, 5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
River-Ridge,5-day period from April 1
0
5
10 15
20
25 30
35
GF vs WH, 5-day period from April 1
Max Diff Temp
0.5 2.0
Temperature Differences by Habitat Type
Maximum GF-WH Difference by Habitat Type
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
30
35
30
35
GF vs WH, 5-day period from April 1
Avg Diff Temp
1.0 2.0
Average GF-WH Difference by Habitat Type
0
5
10
15
20
25
GF vs WH, 5-day period from April 1
Min Diff Temp
0.0
1.5
Minimum GF-WH Difference by Habitat Type
0
5
10
15
20
25
GF vs WH, 5-day period from April 1
60
Max Temp
70
80
90
Maximum by Habitat Type
0
5
10
15
20
25
5-day period from April 1
30
35
40
Avg Temp
50
60
70
Average by Habitat Type
0
5
10
15
20
25
5-day period from April 1
30
35
25
30
Min Temp
35 40 45
50
55
Minimum by Habitat Type
0
5
10
15
20
25
5-day period from April 1
30
35
40
Temp
50
60
70
Average by Sensor
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
5-day period from April 1
35
Climate Conclusions
• Temperature can be measured with
acceptable precision.
• Temperature variation is correlated with
productivity, although it is weak.
• Next steps?
• Humidity sensors adds 2013
• Assess the ability to make fine-scale
temperature estimates?
• Expand climate metrics, e.g. growind
degree days, PET, etc.
Regeneration Questions
• Is it true that regeneration is greater on the
control than on the planted replications?
• What is the trend of regeneration over time?
0
1000
TPA
2000 3000
4000
All Blocks Combined
1995
2000
2005
2010
YEAR CNTRL=red, TRMT=green
4000
2000
0
TPA
6000
TPA by Habitat Type
1995
2000
2005
2010
YEAR CNTRL=red, TRMT=green, WH=dash, GF=solid
6000
4000
2000
0
TPA
8000
TPA by Block
1995
2000
2005
2010
YEAR, GF-1=blk, GF-2=red, WH-1=green, WH-2=blue
1000
500
0
TPA
1500
2000
TPA by Species
2000
2005
2010
YEAR, BR=blk, DF=red, GF=green, RC=blue, WL=orange
600
400
200
0
TPA
800
1000
TPA by Species for Block GF1
2000
2005
2010
YEAR, BR=blk, DF=red, GF=green, RC=blue, WL=orange
600
400
200
0
TPA
800
1000
TPA by Species for Block GF2
2000
2005
2010
YEAR, BR=blk, DF=red, GF=green, RC=blue, WL=orange
2000
1000
0
TPA
3000
4000
TPA by Species for Block WH1
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
YEAR, BR=blk, DF=red, GF=green, RC=blue, WL=orange
2012
2000
1000
0
TPA
3000
4000
TPA by Species for Block WH2
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
YEAR, BR=blk, DF=red, GF=green, RC=blue, WL=orange
2012
Regeneration Conclusions
• Regeneration tends to be greater on the
control than on the planted replications.
• Regeneration is declining over time for seral
species but increasing or constant for climax
species.
• Rates of mortality are greater on high versus
low productivity.
• Next steps.
• Examine covariate effects on survival, (
overstory, competing vegetation, CWD,
etc.).
• Assess rate of growth.