1. Identify the type of organic
compound that is represented to
the right.
2. Which chemical reaction created
this compound?
3. Identify the type of organic compound that is represented
above.
4. Which chemical reaction is represented in the diagram above?
Dehydatrion Synthesis
Forming
Small to large
Two to one
H2O
Hydrolysis
H2O
Breaking Down
Large to small
One to two
LOCK & KEY MODEL
ENZYME SUBSTRATE
COMPLEX
SUBSTRATE
ACTIVE SITE
ENZYME
Enzymes are used
temporarily & then
recycled.
There is an active site where the
actual chemical reaction takes
place.
ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER
THAN THE MOLECULES
WITH WHICH THEY INTERACT.
Substrates
2
4
Product
5
1
Enzyme
3
Active Site
Enzyme-substrate
complex
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Enzymes have an ACTIVE SITE, where
substrate molecules fit temporarily into the
enzyme.
Forms an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
ACTIVE SITE
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
DAY 2
DO NOW:
1. Temperature: The optimum
temperature for most enzymes is
98.6 F or 37 C.
OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE
DENATURES
OPTIMUM
Maximum amount of activity
DENATURATION
The loss of
effectiveness of an enzyme.
The enzyme begins to break
down.
Which quadrant show optimum
enzyme activity?
2. Relative amounts of enzyme and
substrate
Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes
& substrates bump into each other
By adding more enzymes increases the # of
molecules to interact with substrate.
The reactions maximum rate is reached when
all enzymes are attached to substrate.
What’s happening in this graph?
3. pH: The optimum pH for most
enzymes is 7.
Exceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease)
Trypsin (intestinal protease)
Pepsin works best at
pH of 3
Trypsin pH of 8
pH: Human enzymes function best at
a pH of 7
Temperature: Human enzymes
function best at 98.6o F
Concentration: the ratio of substrate and
enzyme, As the concentration of either is increased the
rate of reaction increases.
Enzyme Function
• The rate at which an enzyme functions is
affected by:
– pH
– Temperature
– Concentration of substrate
1. Identify A, C, D
2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what
must figures A & B represent?
is a scale designed to
describe whether a
compound is an acid
or a base AND its
strength.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Neutral
•pH is a measure of how acidic or
basic a solution is.
•A scale with values ranging from
below 0 to above 14
Acids
• Substances with a pH below 7 are acidic.
• An acid is
any substance
that forms hydrogen
ions (H+) in water.
Example: Lemon juice and soda
Bases
• Substances with a pH above 7 are basic.
A base is any substance that forms
hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
Example: Soap
and household cleaners
Neutral
• A substance that is neither
acidic nor basic or a pH of 7
is neutral
Example :
Water
• Acidic and basic are two
extremes that describe
chemicals, just like hot and
cold are two extremes that
describe temperature.
Used to test the level
of pH
Provides a specific
number
Used to identify is
the substance in an
acid or a base
TASTE SOUR, REACT
WITH METALS AND
TURN LITMUS PAPER
RED
TASTE BITTER, FEEL
SLIPPERY, REACT
WITH LITMUS PAPER
TO TURN IT BLUE
Used to test for the
presence of glucose
Used to test for the
presence of proteins
Used to test for the
presence of starch
Measures the concentration of
H+ ions in a solution.
BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDIC.
ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASIC.
IF THE pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRAL.