Topic: Reproduction
Aim: Describe the processes of asexual
reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Do Now: Take out your asexual and Sexual
Reproduction Reading Notes.
HW: Castle Learning Skeletal, Muscular and
Immune Systems due the day we wome
back from break.
Immunity Review
1.What is your body’s first line of defense
against pathogens? Skin
2.Identify the structures found on the
surface of pathogens. Antigens
3.Identify what is produced when a
pathogen enters the body. Antibodies
Immunity Review
4. Why is passive immunity short term?
You are not making antibodies. You receive them.
5. Why is active immunity long term?
You produce your own antibodies.
6. Identify the two ways you can get active
immunity to a disease.
Getting the disease.
Getting a vaccine.
7. Contrast infectious and noninfectious diseases.
Infectious diseases can be transmitted.
Non-infectious diseases cannot be.
Where is DNA found in a cell?
• In the nucleus
• Chromosomes:
– Made of genes  DNA
gene
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Number of parents
Genetic information
compared to the parents
Complexity of organisms
that use this method
Example of an organism
that uses this method
Type of cell division used
Number of daughter cells
produced as a result of
cell division
Number of chromosomes
in daughter cells of cell
division
1
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
2
Asexual
Reproduction
50 chromosomes
50
50
Sexual
Reproduction
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Number of parents
Genetic information
compared to the parents
Complexity of organisms
that use this method
Example of an organism
that uses this method
Type of cell division used
Number of daughter cells
produced as a result of
cell division
Number of chromosomes
in daughter cells of cell
division
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
1
2
Identical
Not identical
Asexual
Reproduction
50
chromosomes
50 chromosomes in each
daughter cell
Sexual
Reproduction
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Number of parents
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
1
2
Genetic information
compared to the parents
Identical
Not identical
Complexity of organisms
that use this method
Not complex
Example of an organism
that uses this method
Type of cell division used
Number of daughter cells
produced as a result of
cell division
Number of chromosomes
in daughter cells of cell
division
Bacteria, fungi,
some plants
Complex
Animals
Asexual
Reproduction
50
chromosomes
50 chromosomes in each
daughter cell
Sexual
Reproduction
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Number of parents
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
1
2
Genetic information
compared to the parents
Identical
Not identical
Complexity of organisms
that use this method
Not complex
Example of an organism
that uses this method
Bacteria, fungi,
some plants
Complex
Animals
Type of cell division used
Mitosis
Number of daughter cells
produced as a result of
cell division
Number of chromosomes
in daughter cells of cell
division
2
Meiosis
4
Mitosis
Meiosis
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Number of parents
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
1
2
Genetic information
compared to the parents
Identical
Not identical
Complexity of organisms
that use this method
Not complex
Example of an organism
that uses this method
Bacteria, fungi,
some plants
Complex
Animals
Type of cell division used
Mitosis
Number of daughter cells
produced as a result of
cell division
Number of chromosomes
in daughter cells of cell
division
2
Same #
Meiosis
4
Half #
Mitosis
Meiosis
46
46
23
46
46
23
23
23
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Number of parents
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
1
2
Genetic information
compared to the parents
Identical
Not identical
Complexity of organisms
that use this method
Not complex
Example of an organism
that uses this method
Bacteria, fungi,
some plants
Complex
Animals
Type of cell division used
Mitosis
Number of daughter cells
produced as a result of
cell division
Number of chromosomes
in daughter cells of cell
division
2
Same #
Meiosis
4
Half #
A
B
MEIOSIS
MITOSIS
Identify processes A and B.
Support your answer.
A
B
100 chromosomes
100
chromosomes
50
chromosomes
in each cell
How many chromosomes would be
found in the daughter cells of each
process is the parent cell contains 100
chromosomes?
1. Describe
the meaning
of the phrase
“genetically
identical.”
• The SAME DNA/genes
2. Identify
the cells in
animals
that use
MITOSIS to
reproduce?
• Body cells
• Somatic cells
3. Identify
the cells
that are
produced
by
MEIOSIS.
• Sex cells
• Gametes
4. Contrast • Cells produced by mitosis have the
SAME # of chromosomes as the
cells
parent cell. Cells produced my
created by
mitosis and meiosis have HALF the # of
chromosomes as the parent cell
meiosis.
• Cells that are produced by mitosis are
GENETICALLY identical to the parent cell.
Cells produced by meiosis are NOT
genetically identical to the parent cells.
5. Contrast
somatic
cells and
gametes.
• Somatic cells are BODY
cells. Gametes are SEX
cells.
• Somatic cells are
produced during
MITOSIS. Gametes are
produced during
MEIOSIS.
Let’s Review!
1.How many parents are required for asexual
and sexual reproduction? Asexual  1, Sexual  2
2.Compare the offspring's’ genetic information
for asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual  offspring is genetically identical to parents
Sexual  offspring is not genetically identical to parents
3. Identify the two types of cells found in the
body and the type of cell division used to
produce or replicate them.
Somatic cells/ body cells  mitosis
Gametes  meiosis
Let’s Review!
4. Compare the daughter cells to the parent
cells for mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis  daughter cells have SAME # of chromosomes as
original cells (genetically identical)
Meiosis daughter cells have HALF the # of chromosomes as
original cells
5. Why does the chromosome number divide in
half during meiosis?
Sperm and egg cell join together to create an embryo.
Which statement best describes what happens
when someone receives a vaccination?
1. The ability to fight disease will increase due
to antibodies received from the pathogen.
2. The ability to fight disease caused by the
pathogen will increase due to antibody
production.
3. The ability to produce antibodies will
decrease after the vaccination.
4. The ability to resist most types of diseases
will increase.
Which activity is NOT a function of white
blood cells in response to a pathogen?
1. engulfing these bacteria
2. producing antibodies to act against this
type of bacteria
3. preparing for future invasions of this type
of bacteria
4. speeding transmissions of nerve
impulses to detect these bacteria
The immune system of humans may respond
to chemicals on the surface of a pathogen
by
1. releasing hormones that break down these
chemicals
2. synthesizing antibodies that mark these
organisms to be destroyed
3. secreting antibiotics that attach to these
organisms
4. altering a DNA sequence in these
organisms
Vaccinations help prepare the body
to fight invasions of a specific
pathogen by
1. inhibiting antigen production
2. stimulating antibody production
3. inhibiting white blood cell
production
4. stimulating red blood cell
production
Which phrase does not describe a way
the human body responds to fight
disease?
(1) destruction of infectious agents by
white blood cells
(2) production of antibodies by white
blood cells
(3) increased production of white blood
cells
(4) production of pathogens by white
blood cells
The type of immunity in which
antibodies and memory cells are
produced is called
1. temporary immunity
2. active immunity
3. passive immunity
4. long-term immunity
The type of immunity in which
antibodies are received from
another source is called
1. temporary immunity
2. active immunity
3. passive immunity
4. long-term immunity
A person with AIDS is likely to develop
infectious diseases because the virus
that causes AIDS
(1) destroys cancerous cells
(2) damages the immune system
(3) increases the rate of antibody
production
(4) increases the rate of microbe
destruction
Infectious diseases are caused by
1. deficiencies in the diet
2. allergies
3. microscopic organisms that can be
transmitted from one organism to
another
4. malfunctioning organs