China’s Image in Africa, Europe
and Latin America
Richard Wike
Director of Global Attitudes Research
FAVORABILITY RATINGS FOR CHINA
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
2
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
3
Views of China in Europe
Unfavorable
Greece
38
France
53
Spain
55
Poland
Italy
July 1, 2016
49%
46%
UK
Germany
Favorable
47
47
39
52
32
64
28
70
26
www.pewresearch.org
4
Views of China in Latin America
Unfavorable
Venezuela
26%
Chile
27
Nicaragua
19
27
El Salvador
25
Mexico
67%
60
Peru
Brazil
Favorable
58
56
48
44
44
38
43
Argentina
30
40
Colombia
32
38
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
5
Views of China in Africa
Unfavorable
Tanzania
Favorable
10%
Kenya
77%
16
74
Senegal
12
71
Nigeria
14
70
Uganda
18
Ghana
South Africa
July 1, 2016
61
23
61
40
45
www.pewresearch.org
6
European Views on China by Age
Favorable views of China
Youngestoldest gap
TOTAL
18-29
30-49
50+
%
%
%
%
France
47
61
48
41
+20
UK
47
60
48
40
+20
Spain
39
50
40
34
+16
Greece
49
55
49
47
+8
Poland
32
35
34
29
+6
Germany
28
33
25
30
+3
Italy
26
27
30
24
+3
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
7
Latin American Views on China by Age
Favorable views of China
Mexico
Brazil
Venezuela
Peru
Nicaragua
Colombia
Chile
El Salvador
Argentina
July 1, 2016
TOTAL
18-29
30-49
50+
%
%
%
%
43
44
67
56
58
38
60
48
40
52
53
72
65
61
45
63
51
40
45
43
70
54
62
38
64
50
45
32
36
57
51
49
33
52
41
35
www.pewresearch.org
Youngestoldest gap
+20
+17
+15
+14
+12
+12
+11
+10
+5
8
African Views on China by Age
Favorable views of China
Youngestoldest gap
TOTAL
18-29
30-49
50+
%
%
%
%
Nigeria
70
76
66
62
+14
Senegal
71
75
70
61
+14
Uganda
61
63
61
59
+14
South Africa
45
49
48
35
+14
Tanzania
77
80
78
67
+13
Ghana
61
66
60
56
+10
Kenya
74
74
76
71
+3
Note: Sample size for Nigerians 50 and older is less than 100.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
9
CHINA’S ECONOMIC IMPACT
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
10
Views of China’s Growing Economy in Europe
Overall, do you think China’s growing economy is a good thing or a bad thing for our country?
Bad
UK
28%
Greece
30
Germany
52
51
53
Spain
47
46
Poland
July 1, 2016
57%
45
France
Italy
Good
44
53
26
75
14
www.pewresearch.org
11
Views of China’s Growing Economy in Latin America
Overall, do you think China’s growing economy is a good thing or a bad thing for our country?
Bad
Nicaragua
13%
Venezuela
20
Chile
63
54
26
Argentina
54
20
41
41
Mexico
July 1, 2016
66
23
El Salvador
Colombia
74%
13
Peru
Brazil
Good
39
36
38
45
30
www.pewresearch.org
12
Views of China’s Growing Economy in Africa
Overall, do you think China’s growing economy is a good thing or a bad thing for our country?
Bad
Kenya
Good
13%
80%
Uganda
10
76
Senegal
12
75
Nigeria
8
Tanzania
22
Ghana
24
South Africa
July 1, 2016
68
66
52
36
41
www.pewresearch.org
13
Feelings in Africa on China’s Growing Economy
China’s growing economy is a good thing for our country
100 %
90
91
8077
75
68
60
Kenya
80
76
68
66
Nigeria
Tanzania
52
Ghana
Uganda
56
41 South Africa
40
20
2007
July 1, 2016
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
www.pewresearch.org
2013
2014
14
IS CHINA A THREAT?
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
15
Global Threats – Europe
Median saying each is a major threat to their countries
63%
Int'l financial instability
Iran's nuclear program
56
Islamic extremist groups
55
Global climate change
54
52
N. Korea's nuclear program
38
China's power and influence
31
Political instability in Pakistan
U.S. power and influence
20
Note: Median of 9 European countries: UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Poland, Czech Rep. & Russia. 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
16
Global Threats – Latin America
Median saying each is a major threat to their countries
65%
Global climate change
49
Int'l financial instability
Iran's nuclear program
39
N. Korea's nuclear program
38
33
U.S. power and influence
31
Islamic extremist groups
23
China's power and influence
Political instability in Pakistan
20
Note: Median of 7 Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico & Venezuela. 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
17
Global Threats – Africa
Median saying each is a major threat to their countries
56%
Islamic extremist groups
Global climate change
54
Int'l financial instability
54
41
Iran's nuclear program
39
N. Korea's nuclear program
26
China's power and influence
25
Political instability in Pakistan
21
U.S. power and influence
Note: Median of 6 African countries: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa & Uganda. 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
18
Is China a Partner, Enemy, or Neither?
Median saying China is more of a …
Partner
Europe
Neither
25%
Enemy
61%
Latin America
52
Africa
10%
30
9
71 11 7
Note: Europe median includes UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Poland, Czech Rep. & Russia. Latin America median includes Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico & Venezuela. Africa median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa & Uganda. 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
19
Considering Other Countries
In making int’l policy decisions, __ takes into account your country’s interests a great deal/fair amount
U.S.
China
66
65
51
40
35%
17%
Europe
Latin America
Africa
Note: Europe median includes UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Poland, Czech Rep. & Russia. Latin America median includes Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico & Venezuela. Africa median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa & Uganda. 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
20
CHINESE SOFT POWER
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
21
American vs. Chinese Soft Power – Latin America
Median positive view in Latin America of …
American
Chinese
74% 72%
63
50
40
25
Science &
tech advances
Music, movies
& television
Ways of
doing business
32
30
Ideas & customs
spreading
Note: Median includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico & Venezuela. 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
22
American vs. Chinese Soft Power – Africa
Median positive view in Africa of …
83%
American
75%
Chinese
73
59
58
56
46
34
Science &
tech advances
Music, movies
& television
Ways of
doing business
Ideas & customs
spreading
Note: Median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa & Uganda. 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
23
Products Made in China as Safe as Elsewhere?
Less safe
UK
France
50%
Spain
17
73
12
85
12
79
8
Argentina
Mexico
35%
82
Poland
Germany
As safe
55
25
71
16
Note: 2008 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
24
Globally U.S., France Seen as Respecting Personal Freedom,
Low Marks for China, Russia
Does the government of ___ respect the personal freedoms of its people?
U.S.
58%
France
56
China*
Russia
36
28
Note: Percentages are global medians saying “yes.”
*Not asked in China.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
25
China Respect for Personal Freedoms – EU
Do you think the government of China respects the personal freedoms of its people?
No
Greece
69%
UK
21%
75
Poland
France
Yes
15
72
14
88
12
Spain
83
9
Italy
84
8
Germany
July 1, 2016
91
6
www.pewresearch.org
26
China Respect for Personal Freedoms – Latin America
Do you think the government of China respects the personal freedoms of its people?
No
Venezuela
32%
Nicaragua
Colombia
July 1, 2016
29
38
Mexico
Argentina
34
46
El Salvador
Chile
47%
39
Peru
Brazil
Yes
27
44
25
62
24
51
20
43
17
50
14
www.pewresearch.org
27
China Respect for Personal Freedoms – Africa
Do you think the government of China respects the personal freedoms of its people?
No
Kenya
Yes
10%
Uganda
74%
8
Ghana
61
13
Tanzania
60
23
59
Senegal
11
51
Nigeria
12
49
South Africa
July 1, 2016
37
31
www.pewresearch.org
28
Rating China and Its People in the West
Favorable views of …
Chinese people
65%
China
64
51
47%
48
46
39
28
UK
U.S.
France
31
Spain
26
Germany
Note: 2008 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
29
THE GLOBAL BALANCE OF POWER
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
30
U.S. Greater Influence than China in Latin America
__ has a great deal/fair amount of influence on country
U.S.
China
Brazil
83%
68%
El Salvador
76
46
Mexico
74
47
Chile
52
Bolivia
55
43
Argentina
64
45
53
47
47
Venezuela
Note: 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
31
It Is More Important to Have Strong Ties with …
U.S.
Both (Vol)
El Salvador
Mexico
57
Brazil
56
Chile
33
Argentina
Venezuela
29
24
19
71%
19%
21
10
17
41
33
5%
16
32
28
Bolivia
China
23
24
19
38
Note: 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
32
U.S. and China Influential in Africa
__ has a great deal/fair amount of influence on country
U.S.
China
85%
78%
Kenya
South Africa
71
Uganda
77
70
54
69
67
Nigeria
Senegal
59
Ghana
58
66
65
Note: 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
33
It Is More Important to Have Strong Ties with …
U.S.
Both (Vol)
Uganda
52%
Senegal
40
Ghana
38
Kenya
37
South Africa
Nigeria
China
30
17
19%
15%
34
17
29
23
28
29
33
32
20
37
Note: 2013 data.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
34
U.S. (Mostly) Still Considered Top Economy
Today, which one of the following do you think is the world’s leading economic power?
U.S.
Asia
Africa
Latin America
China
55%
25%
48
22
46
23
41
39
37
Middle East
Europe
49
Note: Median percentages by region.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
35
Europeans Say It Is China
Today, which one of the following do you think is the world’s leading economic power?
U.S.
China
2008
2014
Change
2008
2014
Change
%
%
%
%
%
%
Spain
42
31
-11
24
49
+25
UK
44
34
-10
29
49
+20
France
44
37
-7
31
51
+20
Germany
25
20
-5
30
49
+19
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
36
Globally, China Seen Replacing U.S. as World Superpower
Which comes closer to your view?
China will eventually
replace/has replaced U.S.
50
41%
39%
China will never
replace U.S.
2008
32
2014
Note: Median percentages based on the 20 countries surveyed in both 2008 and 2014.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
37
Europeans, Latin Americans, Africans See China Replacing
U.S. as Top Superpower
Which comes closer to your own view?
China will never
replace U.S. as
superpower
Europe
Middle East
33%
60%
42
52
Latin America
30
Africa
29
Asia
China will replace/
has replaced U.S.
as superpower
50
43
36
42
Note: Median percentages by region.
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
38
All Pew Research Center reports and data are
available online at www.pewresearch.org
July 1, 2016
www.pewresearch.org
39