I n d u st r y a n d Re vo l u t i o n
C l a s s es i n F ra n c e
 1 7 0 0’ s – _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ wa s o n e o f E uro p e ’ s mo st po wer f u l co u ntr i es
 H o w ever, mo st F re n c h p eo pl e s tr u g g l ed to m a ke a l i v i ng
 T h e F re n ch w ere d i v i d e d i nto 3 _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ o r cl a s s es
 First – _________________________
 Second – ___________ (filled highest posts in government & military)
 Third – _________________
F ra n ce ’ s T h i rd E sta te
 To p o f t h e t hi s g ro u p wa s t he _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ – m i d dl e c l a s s es
 Included merchants, bankers, doctors, lawyers, teachers
 N ex t w e re __ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ (a r ti s a ns , day l a bo rers , s e r va nts )
 B o tto m – _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _
 Made up more than _________ of French population
L o o ki n g fo r Eq ua l i ty
 T h e T hi rd E state p a i d a l l th e co u ntr y ’ s __ _ __ _ __ __ , b u t d i d no t h ave a
vo i c e i n t h e _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _
 M i d dl e cl a s s sta r te d to res e nt th e p r i v i l e ge s o f t he u p p er cl a s s es
F r ustrat i o n i n F ra n c e
 F re n c h _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ d e ci de d t h ey co ul d no l o ng er affo rd to l o a n
m o ney to t h e g ov er nm e nt
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ t he n a s ke d no bl es a n d cl e rg y to
p ay taxes , bu t t hey ref us e d
 A me eti ng o f th e _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ , o r l e g i s l a ti ve bo dy, wa s
ca l l e d to res o l v e t h e i s s u e, b ut no b l es a n d c l e rg y ref u s e d to g i ve up
t h ei r pr i v i l eg es
T h e T hi rd E state Ta kes A ct i o n
 T h e T hi rd E state d e cl a re d t h em s el v es to be t he
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ , a n d t h ey be ga n wo r k o n a n ew
co nsti t ut i o n
 J u l y 14 , 1 7 89 – a l a rge cro wd s to r m e d th e _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __
( a ha te d pr i s o n ) w he n n ews ca me t h at th e k i n g wa s go i ng to s e n d
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ a ga i ns t t he A s s em b l y
 A f ter th e fa l l o f th e B a sti l l e , pe a s a nts a cro s s t he co u ntr y ro s e a ga i n st
t h e no b l es
T h e N at i o n a l A s s e m bl y ’ s Wo r k
 T h e N at i o n a l A s s e m bl y e n de d th e p r i v i l e ge s o f t he _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _
a n d _ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __
 I t i s s ue d th e _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ –
po w ers o f gov er n m e nt ca m e f ro m p eo pl e, no t t he ki ng
 1 7 9 1 – m a de F ra n c e a _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ , l i m i t i n g t h e
k i ng ’ s po we r
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F ra n ce i s D efe ate d
K i n g Lo ui s X V I a nd h i s w i fe, __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ , tr i ed to
f l ee to _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ b ut we re a r re ste d a n d retu r ne d to _ __ __ __ _ __
N a ti o na l A s s e m bl y d e cl a red wa r o n A us tr i a i n _ __ __ _ __ _
 They were worried that Austria would send ___________ to aid Louis
 _____________ joined Austria against France
F ra n ce wa s _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __
R a di ca l s to o k ove r a n d s et u p a new g ov er nm ent ca l l e d t he
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _
T h e J a co b i n s
 M a ny _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ i n t he n ew g ov er nm e nt b el o n g e d to t h e
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ cl ub
 T h e J a co b i n s w e re d i v i de d i nto two g ro u ps
 __________________ – believed the revolution had gone far enough;
wanted to protect the middle class
 ___________________– favored more changes; saw themselves as the
voice of the people and defenders of the revolution
E xe c uti n g a K i ng
 A f ter th e M o u nta i n ga i n ed po wer, t h ey t r i e d a n d fo u nd Lo ui s g ui l t y o f
h e l p i ng F ra n ce ’ s _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _
 1 7 9 3 - Lo ui s wa s b e h ea de d o n t h e _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _
 H i s exe cu ti o n ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ o t he r r ul e rs i n E uro p e , a n d o t h er
n a ti o ns s o o n j o i ne d i n t he wa r a ga i ns t F ra n ce
C o m mi tte e o f P ub l i c S afety
 T hi s _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ wa s s et u p to r u n th e co u ntr y af ter t h e
exe c u ti o n o f Lo ui s
 C o ntro l l e d by a l aw y er n a me d _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _
 C o m mi tte e wa s __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ i n i ts a tte m pt s to e n d u nrest i n F ra n c e
T h e Rei g n o f Ter ro r
 Per i o d o f __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ w h e re _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ wa s ha n de d o ut to
a nyo ne b el i ev e d to b e _ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ to th e revo l ut i o n
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ p eo pl e di e d i n cl u di ng Q ue e n M a r i e A nto i n ette ,
G i ro nd i sts , c l e rg y, no bl es , wo m en a n d c hi l dre n
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A S tro ng er A r my
T h e Co m mi ttee re q ui red a l l s i n g l e m en a g e _ __ _ __ _ _ to j o i n t he a r my
T h e F re n ch co ul d t h e n p rev ent _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _
Peo pl e i n F ra nc e wa nted to e n d t he _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ , a n d
Ro b es pi er re wa s exe c ute d by th e g ov er nm e nt l ea de rs
T h e F re n ch w ere l o o k i ng fo r a s tro ng l ea d er w ho co ul d resto re o rde r
N a po l eo n B o n a pa r te
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ wa s a yo un g mi l i ta r y ge nera l w ho s u p po r ted
t h e revo l ut i o n
 H e p a r ti ci pate d i n a __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ ( rep l a c i n g g ove r n me nt
l ea d ers by fo rc e ) to b eco m e t h e m o st po wer f ul ma n i n F ra n c e
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N a po l eo n ’ s C o ntro l
N a po l eo n tr i e d to st ren gth e n h i s co ntro l o f F ra n ce
C rea te d t h e _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ – a n ew l ega l syste m fo r
t h e co untr y
F re e do m o f _ __ __ _ __ _ __ a n d __ __ _ __ _ __ _ wa s l i m i te d
_ _ __ – N a po l eo n c ro w n e d h i m s el f e m p ero r, m a ki n g F ra n ce a n _ __ ___ _
A n E m pi re G ro ws
 N a po l eo n ’ s e mp i re g rew a n d st retc h e d f ro m t h e _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __
to _ __ __ _ __ __ _ _
 C o untr i es no t u nd e r N a po l eo n ’ s r u l e we re o f te n fo rc e d to be co me
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ w i t h F ra nc e
F ur th er Atte m pts to E x pa n d
 _ _ __ _ __ __ a nd __ _ __ _ __ __ rem a i n e d u nd efeate d by N a po l eo n
 T h e B r i ti s h d est roy e d t he F ren c h f l e et at th e __ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _
 N a po l eo n c reated t h e _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ p l a n
 Countries in his empire were forbidden to trade wi th Britain
 This plan was ________________
Ta ki n g o n R us s i a
 N a po l eo n ga t he re d __ _ __ _ __ __ __ tro o ps ca l l e d th e __ _ __ _ __ __ _ to
i nva de R us s i a
 R us s i a d rew N a po l eo n ’ s a r my _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ i nto th e i r co u ntr y
 R us s i a ’ s __ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ fo rc ed N a po l eo n ’ s a r my to ret re at
 Less than ______________ men returned alive
N a po l eo n ’ s D e mi s e
 N a po l eo n wa s ca pt u re d a n d _ __ __ _ __ _ , b u t es ca pe d to F ra n ce i n __ _ _
 H e wa s f i na l l y defeate d a t _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ i n B e l g i u m
 Wa s s e nt to t h e i s l a nd o f _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ w here he di e d i n 1 821
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C o ng res s o f V i e nn a
1 8 1 4 – E uro p ea n l ea de rs m et i n __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __
G o a l wa s to ret ur n _ _ __ _ __ __ _ ___ to t h e way i t wa s b efo re t he
F re n c h Revo l uti o n
T h e l e a ders wa nte d to c reate a ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ a mo ng
E u ro p ea n co untr i e s
L ea d ers wa nted to e l i mi nate _ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ a n d b r i ng
b a c k po wer to _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __
I n d us tr i a l i s m B eg i n s
 W hi l e revo l u ti o n w a s s prea di n g i n E uro p e, __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __
b e ga n i n B r i ta i n – way o f l i fe i n w h i c h p eo pl e rel y o n t h e us e o f
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ , ra t he r t ha n a ni m a l o r _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ _ po wer
 I n d us tr y c h a n ge d l i fe s o m uc h t hat t he s e c ha ng es a re ca l l e d t he
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _
C h a ng es i n t h e Tex ti l e I n d ustr y
 T h e I n d ustr i a l Revo l u ti o n bega n i n t h e _ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ , o r w ove n cl o th ,
i n d ustr y
 M erc ha nts wa nted to ma ke cl o t h b etter a n d fa ste r to ma ke mo re
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ _
C h a ng e i n La n d U s e
 O n e ca us e o f t h e I n d us tr i a l Rev o l u t i o n wa s ho w B r i ti s h l a n do w ners
u s e d t hei r _ __ ___ _ __
 L aws we re p a s s ed t ha t a l l o we d l a n do w ne rs to __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ o r
e n cl o s e th ei r l a nd
 C o ntro l l i ng l a rg er po r ti o ns a l l o wed l a n do w n ers the o p po r t un i t y to
h av e l a rg er __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ a nd g re ate r p ro f i ts
 M o re l a n d wa s us ed to g ra ze _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ = mo re wo o l fo r t h e tex t i l e
i n d ustr y
M o re M o n ey fo r L a n do w ne rs
 L a n do w ne rs u s e d t h ei r ex tra mo ney to i nves t o r pu t mo n ey i nto n ew
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ – m o ney i nveste d i n b us i n es s es
 A g ro w i n g _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ a l s o wa s a b l e to i nv est ca pi ta l
Ava i l a b l e to Wo r k
 A no t h er ca us e o f t h e In d ust r i a l Revo l u ti o n wa s t he l a rg er nu m be r o f
p eo pl e w ho we re _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ i n i n d ustr y
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ w ho w ere fo rced o ff l a n d du e to e n cl o s u re w ere
no w ava i l a b l e to wo r k
 A g ro w i n g po p ul a ti o n du e to __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ a l s o prov i de d
m o re wo r kers
I m po r ta n ce o f N a t ura l R e s o u rces
 B r i ta i n ’ s _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ a l s o h el p ed i n d ustr y
 T h e co u ntr y h a d l a rge s u p pl i es o f co a l a nd i ro n
 Coal – replaced ___________ as fuel
 Iron – used in building and to make _____________
 _______________ were used to transport goods or as a source of
power for the earliest cotton mills
N ew I nv e nt i o n s
 B r i ti s h __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ i n t he l ate 1 70 0s a l s o hel p e d th e I nd us tr i a l
Revo l u ti o n s prea d
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ – d es i g n ed a stea m e ng i n e t h at co ul d po wer
n ew m a ch i n es (17 6 9 )
 ____________ would replace water as a major source of power
 C o a l wa s us e d to t ur n i ro n o re i nto p ure i ro n ; i ro n wa s tu r n e d i nto
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ – l ed to mo re mi ni ng to w ns a n d s te el c e nters
A dva n c e s i n Tra ns po r tati o n
 N ew fo r ms o f ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ l e d to i n d us tr i a l g ro w t h
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ – A m er i ca n i nv ento r w ho d eve l o p e d a bo at
po w ere d by a s tea m en g i ne i n 18 07
 G ro w th o f t he ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ a l l o wed fo r fa s ter a n d c he a p er
tra ns p o r ta ti o n for mater i a l s , go o ds a n d peo pl e
T h e I n d ustr i a l Revo l u ti o n S prea ds
 B r i ta i n ’ s In d ust r i a l Revo l uti o n s p re a d to o th er pa r t s o f
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ a n d t h e U. S .
 B r i ti s h mo ney wa s us ed to h el p bui l d __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ a n d ra i l ro a ds i n
E u ro p e
 T h e U. S . qu i ckl y b u i l t _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ a n d __ __ _ __ __ _ __ to m ov e go o ds
a n d peo pl e a cro s s th e co untr y
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S ci enti f i c D i s cove r i es
I nve nti o ns a n d dev el o pm e nts i n th e 1 80 0s hel p e d co nti n u e t he g ro w t h
o f th e I nd us tr i a l Revo l u ti o n
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ – d ev el o p ed a tel eg ra p h t ha t m a de co m mu n i cat i o n
p o s s i bl e a cro s s di sta n c es by s e n di n g co de d mes s a ge s ( 1 83 0s )
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ – i nve nte d t he te l e p ho ne ( 18 76 )
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ – d ev el o pe d th e l i g ht b u l b
G ro w th o f C i ti es
T h e I n d ustr i a l Revo l u ti o n l ed to a _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ i n t h e s i ze o f ci ti e s
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ – t he m ove me nt o f peo pl e f ro m r u ra l
a rea s to ci ti es
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ wa s th e f i rs t co untr y to b e co me ur ba ni ze d
C i ti e s g rew w h en _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ ca me to f i n d wo r k b eca us e
m a c hi nes o n fa r m s l ed to a de c re a s ed n ee d fo r fa r m wo r kers
A w f ul Wo r k i ng C o n di t i o ns
 Wo r ki n g co n di ti o n s i n t h e fa cto r i es we re _ __ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __
 Long hours: up to _____ hours/day, ____ days a week
 Factories were ________ and _____________
 Injuries and even deaths occurred often
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ h el pe d wo r ke rs by re d u ci ng wo r k ho urs a n d
m a ki ng fa c to r i es s afer p l a c es to wo r k
C h a ng es fo r Wo m e n
 I n d us tr y a l l o wed _ _ __ _ __ __ a n o p p o r t u ni ty to wo r k o u ts i d e t h e ho m e
 O p po r t u ni ti e s fo r __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ fo r wo m e n i n c rea s e d
 Wo m en b ega n to d e ma n d _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ w i th m e n, i n cl u di n g t h e
r i g ht to _ __ __ _ __ _ __ i n t he 18 0 0’ s
C h a ng es i n M e d i c i ne
 T h e 1 8 00 ’ s we re a ti me o f i m po r ta nt _ __ _ __ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _
 D i s cov ere d _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ - co u l d f i g ht a ga i nst d i s ea s e
 1 8 6 8: __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ – d i s cove re d __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ ;
s ho we d t ha t k i l l i n g ba cter i a co u l d p rev ent di s ea s e
A l b er t E i nstei n
 I n t h e ea r l y 19 0 0’ s , __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ state d t hat s pa c e a n d ti m e
we re _ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ a n d _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _
 Einstein’s theory of relativity
 S ci enti s ts l a ter us ed E i nstei n ’ s f i nd i ng s o n __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ to crea te
t h e _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ a n d _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __
C h a r l es D a r w i n
 D a r w i n co n cl u ded t ha t _ _ __ __ _ __ _ a n d __ __ _ __ __ c h a n ge ove r ti m e
 The ones that survive do so because they were better
_______________________________________________
 “ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ ” – b el i ef t h at di ffe rent co untr i es ,
co mp a ni e s , a n d p eo pl e e n ga g e i n e co no mi c co m p et i t i o n, a n d t h e
we a ker o n es w i l l fa i l
T h e G ro w t h o f N a ti o na l i s m
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ – d e s i re o f peo pl e w i th th e s a m e hi sto r y,
l a n g ua ge , a n d c usto ms fo r s e l f - r ul e
 N a ti o na l i s m l e d to dra mat i c a nd i m p o r ta nt c ha n ges i n E u ro p e a n d th e
A mer i ca s d ur i ng t h e 1 8 00 ’ s
1 8 4 8: A Yea r o f R evo l u ti o ns
 Revo l u ti o ns sw ept a cro s s E uro pe i n 1 8 48 , sta r ti n g i n F ra n ce
 French protests ousted the French K ing ________________________
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ , _ __ _ __ __ _ __ ___ , a n d __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ a l s o re b el l e d
a ga i ns t t he i r mo n a rc hs
C h a ng e fo r A us tr i a a n d R us s i a
 R ul e rs i n A us tr i a a n d R us s i a tr i e d to w ea ken __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ ,
b u t th ey w e re fo rc e d to ma ke c ha n g es
 A ustr i a gave f re ed o m to H u nga r y, co mb i n i ng to b eco me t he
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ E mp i re
 R us s i a n l ea d ers gave f re e do m to pe a s a nts , b u t t h ey s ti l l rem a i ne d
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _
I ta l y U ni tes
 M o s t o f _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ wa s do m i na te d by A us tr i a
 W i t h F ra n ce ’ s hel p , I ta l i a n states we re a bl e to _ _ __ _ __ _ __ a ga i ns t
t h ei r l ea d ers a n d u n i te
 By __ __ _ __ _ _ , a l l o f Ita l y wa s u ni te d
G er ma n U ni f i cati o n
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ , a no r t her n G er ma n sta te , h a d stro ng n a ti o na l i st s u ppo r t
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ Pr us s i a ’ s r ul er, wa nte d to u n i te a l l G er ma n
sta tes u n der hi s l ea d ers hi p
 W i l l i a m I a p po i nte d __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ a s hi s Pr i m e M i ni ster
i n 18 6 2
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O tto Vo n B i s ma rc k
O tto vo n B i s ma rck d efeated _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ __ _ a n d _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ a n d
u n i te d a l l o f no r th e r n G er ma ny i n P r us s i a ’ s n ew e mp i re
1 8 7 0 – B i s ma rck fo u g ht a wa r w i th F ra n ce ca l l e d th e
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ Wa r
P r us s i a wa s v i cto r i o us a n d t he s o u t h er n G er m a n sta tes a g re e d to
u n i te w i t h Pr us s i a , crea ti ng a u ni te d __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _
* B i s ma rc k , N o r t h D a ko ta i s na me d a f ter O tto vo n B i s m a rck
N a ti o na l i s m S p rea ds to La ti n A mer i ca
 T h e A m er i ca n a nd F re n ch revo l u ti o ns i ns pi re d th e p eo pl e o f
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ to p u s h fo r th ei r i nd e p e nd e n ce a ga i n st
t h ei r E uro pe a n l e a ders
 T h e f i rs t s u c c es sf ul revo l t a ga i nst E uro p ea n r ul e ca m e i n 1 80 4 w hen
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ revo l ted a ga i nst F ren c h co ntro l i n __ _ __ __ _ ___
M ex i co ’ s F i g ht fo r F re e do m
 _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ a nd _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ , two Ca t ho l i c pr i est s
i n M ex i co, u rg e d p o o rer M ex i ca n s to f i g ht fo r f re ed o m
 Eve n tho u g h bo th o f t h em w ere exec ute d, M ex i co ev ent ua l l y ga i ned
i n de p e nd e n ce i n _ _ __ _ __
S i mó n B o l í va r a nd Jo s é de S a n M a r tí n
 _ _ __ _ __ __ l e d t he f i g ht fo r f r e e do m i n t h e no r t her n pa r t o f S o ut h
A mer i ca , w hi l e __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ fo ug ht fo r f ree do m i n th e s o uth
 1 8 1 7 – 1 8 25 : T h ei r fo rc es defea ted t h e S p a ni s h a nd l ed to
i n de p e nd e n ce fo r __ _ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ , Co l o m bi a , Pa n a m a ,
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ , B o l i v i a , A rg enti na , _ _ __ _ __ __ _ a n d C h i l e
A n In d e pe n de nt L at i n A m er i ca
 M o s t o f _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ co l o ni es i n L ati n A me r i ca wo n t he i r
i n de p e nd e n ce by t h e e n d o f t h e 18 2 0 ’ s
 ___________ broke away from ____________ during this time as well
 T h e _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ : T he U. S . d ec l a red i t wo ul d
p ro te ct _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ a nd wa r n e d E uro p ea n co untr i es
n o t to i nter fe re i n t h e reg i o n
 H o w ever, L at i n A m er i ca n co u ntr i es ex per i e n ce d a l o t o f
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ d u e to po l i t i cs a n d c l a s s di ffe re nc e s