Legible please!
Do not use acronyms unless instructed to do so. Use structures whenever they are asked for, or appropriate. Your explanations should be brief. Overly lengthy answers with irrelevant or erroneous material will receive deductions. GOOD LUCK
1. (30 Pts) There are three general types of C-C bond-forming reactions in the Calvin
Cycle. Please draw an example (structures please) of each one and show the mechanism
(arrows required) of the transformation. You may assume active site general acids and bases as necessary. Please show the necessary parts of any cofactors.

2. (8 pts) Which of the following are constituents of chlorophylls? (circle the letter) a) substituted tetrapyrrole d) Fe++ b) c) plastoquinoe
Mg++ e) phytol f) iron porphyrin
3. (8 pts) Draw the mechanism for how the mobile electron carrier between PSII and
Cytochrome bf undergoes oxidation (use chemical structures).
4. (8 Pts) Which of the following statements about cyclic photophosphorylation are correct? (Circle the letter) a) It doesn’t involve NADPH formation. b) It uses electrons supplied by photosystem II. c) It is activated when NADP+ is limiting. d) It does not generate oxygen. e) It leads to ATP production via the cytochrome bf complex. f) It involves a substrate-level phosphorylation.
5. (8 Pts) Assign each function or product in the right column to the appropriate structure of pathway in the left column (you may need to assign multiple functions- each individual answer must be completely correct to get credit).
(a) chlorophyll _______ (1) oxygen generation
(2) ATP synthesis (b) light harvesting complex _______
(c) photosystem I _______ (3) light collection
(d) photosystem II ______ (4) NADPH synthesis
(5) separation of charge
(6) light absorption
(7) transmembrane proton gradient

6. (15 pts) Outline the oxidative segment of the pentose phosphate pathway (show structures of all the compounds involved- you do not need to name the enzymes). What provides the driving force for the oxidation steps of the pathway?
7. (8 pts) Why is glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency particularly problematic in erythrocytes? What key molecule is potentially affected by this deficiency?
8. (7 Pts) Draw the unwanted competing side reaction catalyzed by rubisco (structures please). What is the ultimate fate of the abberant molecules produced in this process?
Why is this process referred to as photorespiration?
9. (8 Pts) The pentose phosphate pathway is adaptable to the requirements of the cell.
What are the four differing situations that the pathway is responsive to?
10. Extra Credit (8 Pts) Photosynthetic processes take advantage of metals to carry out redox processes. Give examples of four different metals used in photosynthesis and state their roles (i.e. what process they are associated with and/or the protein/cofactor they are used in).