Ch 22 Study Guide
Name: ___________________________________________ Period: _____
1. Vocabulary:
A. Philosophes
B. Social contract
C. Salons
D. Encyclopedia
E. Enlightened despot
F. Salutary neglect
2. How did scholars study science before the Scientific Revolution?
3. What started the Scientific Revolution and how?
4. What was the Geocentric Theory?
Did the Church support this theory, why/why not?
5. What was the Heliocentric Theory?
Who started it?
Who contributed to it?
What was the Church’s reaction?
6. What are the 4 steps to the Scientific Method?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What 2 men led to the creation of the Scientific Method and how?
1.
2.
7. Who developed the Law of Gravity?
What is the Law of Gravity?
How does it relate to the ideas Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo?
8. What scientific instruments are developed at this time and what are they good for?
9. What was the Enlightenment?
What is another name for it?
What were the 5 main beliefs of the philosophes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10. Who was the most influential philosophe? (Know his pen name)
What did he do?
What did he fight for?
What did he fight against?
What was his most famous quote?
11. Multiple Choice/Essay: Compare and Contrast the beliefs of Thomas Hobbs and John Locke. Be sure to
mention their beliefs on the ideal government and the social contract.
12. What was the main belief of Montesquieu?
What country did he believe best exemplified this belief?
Why did he think his belief was so important?
What is the system of Checks and Balances?
13. What did the Beccaria focus on?
What did he believe laws existed for?
What was he against?
What did he believe those accused of crimes had a right to?
What did he believe about the punishments of those convicted?
14. What did Mary Wollstonecraft believe about women’s education?
What did she urge women to do?
15. What were the methods of spreading ideas during the Enlightenment?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
16. Who were the 3 Enlightened despots, what countries did they rule, and what did each do?
1.________________ of __________
2. _______________ of __________
3._______________ of ___________
17. What 4 things led to the American Revolution? EXPLAIN EACH!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
What does the phrase, “No taxation without representation mean”?
18. What 4 things did the 2nd Continental Congress accomplish?
1.
2.
3.
4.
19. Who was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence?
Whose ideas did he “borrow” from?
What were two of those ideas?
1.
2.
20. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the British during the Revolution?
Strengths: 1.
2.
3.
Weaknesses:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
21. What were the strengths and weakness of the Americans during the Revolution?
Strengths: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Weaknesses:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
22. What was the Americans first attempt at a government?
What type of government was it?
What is characteristic of that type of government?
Why did that government fail?
1.
2.
3.
4.
23. What type of government did the Constitution create?
What is characteristic of that type of government?
What are the 3 branches of government and who makes up each branch?
1. ____________ branch (_____________)
2. ____________ branch (_____________)
3. ____________ branch (_____________)
Which branch is the most powerful?
What is the Bill of Rights?
24. Essay: How was the US government influenced by the thinkers of the Enlightenment?