• 1. Death toll
• 2. Nuclear Age US=superpower
• 3. Re-alignment of world powers
• 4. Onset of the Cold War
• 5. European/Asian Destruction
• 6. Divided Germany (lasted for over 40 years)
• 7. Occupation of Eastern Europe by Soviet Union.
• 8. Beginning of modern Civil Rights movement.
• 9. National debt sky-rocketed to new levels. $250,000,000
• 10. “GI Bill of Rights”—Servicemen’s Readjustment Act
• 11. Holocaust

• POST WW2
• US and Soviet Relations
– Capitalism v. Communism
– Soviet distrust
• Organizations created
– IMF
– International Bank for Reconstruction
– UN
• Nuremberg Trials “War Crimes” Tribunal -21 Nazi leaders
• 1946—Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech ushers in the Cold War
• 1947 Taft-Hartley
– Labor-Management Relations Act
• Containment Policy—”Truman Doctrine” (George Kennan)
• 1947 Marshall Plan
– Economic recovery for Europe
– European Community—Common Market—European Union
– $12.5 Billion

• 1947 Presidential Succession Act
– New order of succession: VP, Spkr. of the House, Pres. Pro Temp, Cabinet
Depts.
• 1947 Civil Rights Commission Report
– Called For:
• Federal Laws to protect voting rights
• End segregation on public transportation
• Lynching a Fed. crime
• Create Fair Employment Practices Committee
– Results:
• Truman endorsed it.
• Congress rejected it.
• HT used Executive Order: Desegregated the military/ Fed. Hiring practices
• 1947 National Security Act
– Department of Defense--Sec. of Defense
– Created Joint Chiefs of Staff/established the Air Force.
– National Security Council created.
– Established the CIA
– Atomic Energy Commission
• 1948 Berlin Crisis
• 1948 Selective Service System
– Men 19-25
– 2 yrs. Active duty
– Lasted until 1973

• Candidates:
• Split in Democratic Party:
• Issues:
• Results:
• Trivia:
• TRUMAN’S 2 ND TERM
• Domestic Issues:
• 1949 The Fair Deal
• 1949 New Red Scare
– Alger Hiss Case
– Dennis v. US, 1949.
– 1950 McCarran Internal Security Act
– 1950 McCarthy Hearings
– 1951 Rosenberg Trial
– 1952 McCarran-Walter Act

• By end of 1949 the Containment Policy appeared to be failing
• 1949 NATO created
• 1949 “Point 4” program announced.
• 1950 Korean War starts:
– June 24—North Korean troops crossed the 38N parallel invaded
South Korea.
– June 25—UN Security Council voted to defend S. Korea. (passed because Soviet delegate was boycotting the UN because the UN would not seat Communist China)
– American troops under UN command—Gen. Douglas MacArthur appointed UN Commander-in Chief.
– Sept. 10-- UN forces retreat to Pusan.
– Sept. 15—MacArthur lands at Inchon.
– Oct. UN forces drive N. Korean army north of 38 th parallel and eventually reach Yalu River. MacArthur asks permission to invade China—denied.
– Nov. 26—Communist Chinese troops invade N. Korea, UN troops pushed back to Seoul by Jan. 1951
– Spring 1951 UN troops push N. Korean troops back to 38 th parallel
– MacArthur requests the use of tactical nuclear weapons against
Chinese positions—denied.
– MacArthur questions Truman’s leadership.
– April 1951—Truman relieves MacArthur of his command

• June 1951– Peace talks begin/ war is stalemated/ Gen. Matt
Ridgeway new Cmdr.
• Nov. 1952– US explodes first Hydrogen Bomb
• ELECTION OF 1952
• Candidates:
• Issues:
• Results:
• Eisenhower’s 1 st Term
• 1953 Korean War Fighting Ends
– Apr. 1953—”Operation Little Switch”
– May 1953—US threatened atomic bomb unless peace talks pick up
– July 1953—Armistice signed @ Panmunjon
• “New Look” foreign policy
– Sec. of State John Foster Dulles—aimed at “rolling back” Communist gains, use military not economic incentives, relied on “Massive Retaliation”, --Brinkmanship
– 1953—USSR detonates H-Bomb
– Critics called ‘brinkmanship” M A D “Mutually Assured Destruction”

• 1953 Problems in Southeast Asia
– Vietnam
– Aid to France
– Battle of Dienbienphu-1954
– Geneva Conference
• 1954 The Formosa Crisis
– Dispute between China and Taiwan (Nationalist China) over 2 islands.
– Ike ordered in US fleet
– Sec. of State Dulles brokered a cease-fire
– Creation of SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)
– Also ANZUS—Australia, New Zealand, US
– CENTO—Iran, Pakistan
• 1953-1956 Relations with Europe
– Minor “Thaw” in the Cold War
• End of Korean War
• Death of Stalin—internal power struggle more of concern to USSR
– 1955 Geneva “Summit Conference”
• USA, GB, Fr., USSR
• “Open Skies” proposal
• Russian occupation of Austria ends.

• 1954 Paris Agreement—USA, GB, Fra.-- Unified West Germany
• 1954 St. Lawrence Seaway—joint project US/Canada, completed
1959.
• 1956 Hungarian Revolt
– Anti-communist uprising (Oct. 23-Nov. 4)
– Rebels called for US aid—received none
– Soviet army crushed the revolt.
• 1956 Suez Crisis
Causes:
Steps of the crisis:
Results of the crisis:
DOMESTIC ISSUES
1954-1958 “Eisenhower Prosperity”
1954 Minimum wage increased to $1.00
1954-56 Civil Rights Brown v. Board of Education, 1954.
1955Montgomery Bus boycott—Rosa Parks
1956 SCLC organized by Martin Luther King
1956 Elvis Presley appears on Ed Sullivan Show

st
• 1955 Eisenhower’s first heart attack
• 1955 AFL-CIO merger—labor’s way of combating Taft-Hartley
– Largest labor union in history.
• 1955 Jonas Salk –Polio Vaccine
• 1955 Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare created. (HEW)
– Should government provide polio vaccine to all schools?
– Sec. of HEW—no!! Socialized medicine through backdoor
• 1956 Agricultural Adjustment Act
– “Soil Bank”—solve surplus crop problem
• 1956 McDonald’s Corporation—San Diego, Ray Kroc
– Revolutionized “fast food” industry
– ELECTION OF 1956
– Candidates
– Issues
– Results

ND
• Major events of his 2 nd term:
• FOREIGN AFFAIRS
• “Eisenhower Doctrine”
– Spread of Communism into the Near and Middle East
– US troops to Lebanon 1958
• 1957 “Space Race” begins
– USSR launched Sputnik I –1957
– Sputnik II
– Results:
• 1958 Berlin Crisis—Nikita Khrushchev
– USSR demands all NATO troops out of Berlin or Russian army will be sent in. WW3??
– Eisenhower invites Khrushchev to Camp David
• 1958-1961 Problems with Latin America
– Nixon’s “Goodwill Tour”-nightmare, why??
• 1959 Cuban Revolution
– Fidel Castro overthrows US backed Fulgencio Batista
– 1960— Castro announces he is a communist after appearing on Jack Paar’s Tonight
Show.
• 1960 U2 Affair
– USSR announced they shot down US spy plane
– US denied it
– USSR displays wreckage—US says it was weather plane
– USSR displays pilot Francis Gary Powers
– US finally admits it.
– Results

•
• 1957 Civil Rights Act of 1957
• 1957 Little Rock School Crisis
• 1960 Civil Rights Act 1960
• 1960 First “Sit-In” demonstration
• 1960 SNCC created
• 1956 Federal Highway Act
•
• 1958 Recession of 1958
• 1958 Sherman Adams’ Scandal
• 1959 Alaska and Hawai’i join the Union
• 1959 Landrum-Griffin Labor Reform Act
• 1961 Eisenhower’s Farewell Address

• THE ELECTION OF 1960
• Candidates: Issues: Results:
• Trivia/significance:
• MAJOR EVENTS OF KENNEDY’S ADMINISTRATION 1961-1963
• DOMESTIC ISSUES:
• Inaugural Address:
• 1961-1963 Civil Rights Movement
– 1960-61: Freedom Rides
– Freedom Now
– 1962 FHA Executive Order
– 1962 Integration of University of Mississippi
– 1963 Birmingham Police Riot
– 1963 Kennedy’s Civil Rights Speech
– 1963 “March on Washington”
– 1963 Integration of other Southern Universities.

• DOMESTIC ISSUES CONTINUED:
• 1961—23 rd Amendment ratified
• 1962-63 “Judicial Activism” era Warren Court
– 1962 Engle v. Vitale—school prayer
– 1963 Gideon v. Wainwright—right to an attorney
– 1963 Mapp v. Ohio—exclusionary rule of evidence
– 1963 Miranda v. Arizona– right to remain silent
– ** (LBJs) 1964 Reynolds v. Sims– “one man, one vote” Size of
Congressional Districts the same.
– **1964 Loving v. Virginia
• 1962 Food and Agriculture Act
• 1961-63 Recall of Silver Certificates
• 1962 Trade Expansion Act
• 1962 Congressional Elections
• 1963 New Frontier Programs
• 1963 The Steel Settlement
• FOREIGN AFFAIRS
• 1961-1963 Space race continued

• Space race—
– Jan. 1961 US Chimp into space
– Apr. 1961 Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbits earth.
– May 1961 US Astronaut Alan Shepard 15 min. spaceflight (Project Mercury)
– May 1961 JFK announces plans to land man on the moon by 1969.
– 1961 (Soviet) Gherman Titov 17 orbits
– July 1961 (US) Gus Grissom suborbital flight, capsule sank on impact
– Feb. 1962 (US) John Glenn 3 orbits
– May 1963 Project Mercury ended
• 1961 Peace Corps created
• 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion
• 1961 Dealings with Russia
• 1961 Alliance for Progress
• 1961-1963 Southeast Asia
– 1961 US sent 15,000 advisors to Viet Nam
– 1962 US sent advisors into Laos
– 1963 Coup d’etat in Saigon– Ngo Diem assassinated
• Oct. 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1963 US-USSR Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed

• The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan (Hand book of the women’s rights movement)
• 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Nov. 22, 1963 Kennedy assassinated
• Warren Report
• Lyndon Johnson becomes President of the United States.

•
•
– “Freedom Summer”—voters registration drive
•
th
•
•
– Taxes
– Job Corps
– “Vista”
•
•

• Space Race 1963-1965
– Russia launches 3 man capsule
– Aleksey Leonov “walk in space”
• Panama Crisis 1964
• Viet Nam War Expands 1964
– Gulf of Tonkin incident Aug.
– Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Election of 1964
– Candidates
– Issues
– Results
– Importance
• Johnson’s 2 nd Term 1965-1969
• Domestic Issues
– “Great Society” programs

nd
• 25 th Amendment
• Ralph Nader published Unsafe at Any Speed
• Civil Rights Movement
– Assassination (attempts) of Black Leaders
• Voting Rights Act
• Civil Rights Act 1968
Foreign Affairs:
• US takes lead in Space Race
• Intervention in Santo Domingo
• Nuclear Proliferation Treaty
• 1965-1968—Vietnam War Escalates
– Operation Rolling Thunder 1965
– Public Opinion
– Jan 1968 Tet Offensive
– My Lai massacre
– Public opinion turns against LBJ, almost loses NH primary
– RFK announces his candidacy for president-anti-war platform
– June 5, 1968—RFK assassinated.

• Mar. 1968 LBJ’s “Broadcast to America”
• USS Pueblo incident
• 6 Day War Israel v. Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon
• Soviet Union invades Czechoslovakia
• THE ’60S
» Music: Mo Town, British Invasion, California Beach
Music, Protest songs, Woodstock Music Festival
– Counter-Culture
• Hippies
• Election of 1968
– Candidates
– Problem with Democratic Party
– Issues
– Campaign
– Results
– Importance

st
• Foreign Affairs:
– Man Landed on the Moon July 20, 1969
– Vietnam War continued
– “Vietnamization” Program announced
– The Cambodian Incursion
• Kent State
• Jackson State
– Pentagon Papers published
– Sec. of State Kissinger’s “Peace at Hand” 1972
– Escalation of the war Nov. 1972
-- Détente with USSR/China
-- Visit to China-- Mao
-- SALT I Treaty with Soviets-- Brezhnev

Domestic Issues:
Nixon and the Supreme Court
Roe v. Wade, 1971.
Environmental Crusade Silent Spring Rachel Carson
1 st Earth Day— April 22
26 th Amendment
Revenue Sharing Program
1971 Economic Policy
Causes:
Policies
Assassination attempt on George Wallace
Watergate Scandal begins (June 1972)
Election of 1972
Candidates, Issues, Results

ND
• FOREIGN AFFAIRS:
– Nixon visited Russia May 1973
– Nixon visited China Feb. 1973
– Peace talks intensify in Paris
– Jan 27, 1973—Vietnam War ends Paris Peace Accord
– Yom Kippur War Oct. 1973
– Arab Oil Embargo OPEC
• DOMESTIC ISSUES:
– Draft ended
– The War Powers Act
– Watergate scandal widened
– Justice Dept. investigation of Nixon’s presidency
– VP Spiro Agnew resigns Oct. 1973
– Gerald Ford appointed VP.
– Special Prosecutor appointed “Saturday Night Massacre”
– House Hearings—3 counts of impeachment passed
– Aug 8, 1974-- Nixon resigns
– Gerald Ford sworn in as the new president.

• Domestic events:
– Appointed Nelson Rockefeller as VP
– Pardoned Nixon of all federal crimes he committed or may have committed as president
– 1974—Draft Amnesty announced
– Inflation reached 12%--vetoed 50 spending bills designed to stimulate the economy—”WIN”
– March– IU defeats Michigan to win its 3 rd NCAA title
– US Bicentennial celebration—July 4, 1976
• Foreign Affairs
– April 1975—South Vietnam falls
– May 1975—Mayaguez Incident
– Helsinki Accords
– ELECTION OF 1976
• Candidates, Issues, Results