Apes
Understanding Humans 10th Ed., p. 140
Prehistoric Cultures
Tim Roufs’ section ©2009-2012
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html#Apes
Classification chart (after Linnaeus)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 101
A Primate Family Tree
The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64
Apes
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Hylobates
"lesser apes"
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Pongids:
”The Great Apes”
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Orangutan
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Gorilla
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Chimpanzee
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Hominids
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Hominoidea
Family
Genus / Species
Hylobates
gibbon
Pongids
orangutan
chimpanzee
gorilla
(“great apes”)
Hominids
Hominoidea
Family
Genus / Species
Hylobates
gibbon
Pongids
(“great apes”)
Hominids
p. 138
Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
p. 138
Old World Monkey: Gibbon
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 75
p. 138
Old World Monkey: Gibbon
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 74
p. 138
White-handed gibbon
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 138
Hominoidea
Family
Genus / Species
Hylobates
gibbon
Pongids
orangutan
chimpanzee
gorilla
(“great apes”)
Hominids
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
•chimpanzee
•gorilla
(Gorilla)
(Pan)
p. 139
p. 138
Geographical distribution of modern
African and Asian apes
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., pp. 138-139
p. 139
p. 138
Geographical distribution of modern
African and
Asian apes
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., pp. 138-139
p. 139
p. 138
Geographical distribution of modern
African and Asian apes
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., pp. 138-139
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
Orangutan
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., pp. 138
p. 138
Great Ape: Bearded Male Orangutan – “The Man of the Forest”
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 81
p. 138
Orangutan (female)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., pp. 139
p. 138
Orangutan (male)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., pp. 139
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
•chimpanzee
•gorilla
(Gorilla)
(Pan)
http://www.careerbuilder.com/TV/
Chimpanzee
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Geographical distribution of modern African apes
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., pp. 139
p. 139
Chimpanzee
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 71
p. 139
Chimpanzee (male)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 141
p. 139
Chimpanzee (female)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 141
p. 139
Female bonobos with young
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 143
p. 139
Chimpanzees grooming
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 151
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=000C1A68-BA52-11F6-BA5283414B7F0000
http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050124/full/050124-7.html
Pongids (Great Apes)
chimpanzee sexual
dimorphism
–female body weight is 78%
of male weight
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcgoodal.html#Jane_Goodall
http://www.newsobserver.com/689/story/1043421.html
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24878149/
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
•chimpanzee
•gorilla
(Gorilla)
(Pan)
Gorilla
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
p. 132
Geographical distribution of modern African apes
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 139
Western lowland gorilla (male)
p. 139
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 140
Western lowland gorilla (female)
p. 139
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 140
Mountain gorilla (male)
p. 139
Gorilla gorlla beringei
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 140
Mountain gorilla (female)
p. 139
Gorilla gorlla beringei
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 140
Pongids (Great Apes)
gorillas have
considerable sexual
dimorphism
–female body weight is half
(51%) of male weight
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080916-bush-meat.html?source=rss
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080916-bush-meat.html?source=rss
Pongids (Great Apes)
Time permitting, we’ll have a
closer look
at the Great Apes later
(class slide Set # 14)
Next: General Features and
Major Evolutionary Trends
of Apes and Humans
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129
Good Housekeeping June 1968