1.What is the difference between Criollos and Peninsulares?
2.Name four forms of large landholdings introduced in the Americas by the
Spanish.
3.What is the effect of those original land distribution systems in Latin America
today?
4.What is meant by the demographic collapse?
5.Explain the structures of the Council of the Indies, the Viceroyalties and the
audiencias.
6.What were the Bourbon Reforms?
7.The two poorest countries in South America are Bolivia and Paraguay and they
are also the only two __ countries in South America.
8.South American countries in the early 20th century, in an attempt to “whiten”
their populations encouraged immigration from Europe. Which South American
countries received the vast majority of this migration stream?
9.What country in the Americas was first to declare independence?
10.Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin were two of the most influential figures
in what movement?
12 million - >100 million
Brazil: original power: sigar!
Treaty of tordesilas
By 1700 Spanisj=h religpus goals of christinaixing the Americas were eplaced with imperial goals fo
fighing othe European pwers for territory in the maericas
Coucil of the INdoes: Supreme Executive judicial branch; viceyroyalties and aidiencias
Old audiencia borders resembale political borders seen today
New Spain: expansive twrritory including Guam, Phillipines, much fo what is now Us, Florida. Puerto Rico
and , Cuba
1600s laregest city in South Maerica Potosi silver mine
New Granada: difficult to control unformaily because of the
Bourbon reforms named afeter the House of Bourbon in Spain : reforms to stimulate Spain’s control in
conflict with England for empire; peninsulares versis criollos: raised taxes, open ports for trade
exclusively with Spain, modernize agriculture,
Rebellion of Tupac 1780-1782
Why was Portigese and Spanish experience so different? Lack of resources of Portugese
Btrazil: sugar, then gold and diamonds; importance of slave labor
Central Maerica was isolae=ted from rest of LA and lacked resources (mineral wealth)
1. Where does the term “Latin America” come from?
2. What Treaty(in 1494) divided territory in the Americas between Spain and Portugal?
A. Versailles B. Tordesillas C. Columbian D. Council of the Indies
3. What was the purpose of the 18th Century Bourbon reforms?
4. What is the difference between viceroyalties and audiencias?
5. Match the following Viceroyalties with their capital cities:
Lima New Spain
Mexico City New Granada
Bogotá Rio de la Plata
Buenos Aires Peru
6. What countries in Central America were part of the “Kingdom of Guatemala”, a part of New Spain?
A. Guatemala and Belize B. all but Panama
C. Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua D. Only Guatemala
7. What was the encomienda?
8. What was the difference between haciendas and estancias?
9.
A. Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina B. Chile, Bolivia and Peru